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768-1

ca. 1925. An elevated view of Defiance Lumber Company shows part of the facilities with a ship docked along Commencement Bay. The company was started in 1905 when L.L. Doud and others acquired a quarter of a mile of waterfront along the bay and installed the sawmill. In 1927 L.L. Doud was president of the company, Lee L. Doud served as secretary-treasurer and manager, and Donald H. Doud, sales manager. (TNT 8/10/1927) (filed with Argentum)


Defiance Lumber Co. (Tacoma); Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930;

768-2

ca. 1925. Another view of Defiance Lumber Company with smoke jutting from its stack, circa 1925. Commencement Bay furnished the company with its log pond. The logs were dragged up the incline to the great 14-inch band saw which worked at high speed and had a capacity of 150,000 feet in each eight hours. The huge planks were then run over rollers to the re-saws, where slabs and scraps dropped down to a lower level and were carried by chain conveyors into the jaws of a battery of cut-off saws that turn them into firewood. The good lumber passed on out into the yard and was graded and separated into its proper classification. (TNT 8/10/1927) (filed with Argentum)


Defiance Lumber Co. (Tacoma); Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Smokestacks--Tacoma;

768-3

ca. 1925. The Defiance Lumber Company was an export mill. It cut 80,000,000 feet of lumber in 1926 and it was all shipped away to Europe, Asia, Australia, California, South America or the East Coast. The Defiance Mill did nothing but saw wood, and only fir wood. The plant had dry kilns with a capacity of 50,000 feet a day, a completely equipped planing mill and a lath mill adding to the completeness of the plant. (TNT, 8/10/1927) (filed with Argentum)


Defiance Lumber Co. (Tacoma); Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930;

A101000-100

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. A log train chugs along on the Rayonier owned main line railroad in Washington. The locomotive is one of two new diesel-electric locomotives put in service in 1956, replacing steam. While the two main lines were being improved, spur railroad tracks were being replaced by company owned truck roads. By May of 1957, the conversion to truck logging would be complete. (Rayonier annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Railroad locomotives--Grays Harbor; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-100

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. A log train chugs along on the Rayonier owned main line railroad in Washington. The locomotive is one of two new diesel-electric locomotives put in service in 1956, replacing steam. While the two main lines were being improved, spur railroad tracks were being replaced by company owned truck roads. By May of 1957, the conversion to truck logging would be complete. (Rayonier annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Railroad locomotives--Grays Harbor; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-104

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Two hard hatted workers from Rayonier Inc. stand in an old growth forest; seeming tiny next to the huge old trees. The enormous stands of forest in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia seemed unlimited. Although the demand for timber was down, it was at an all time high for chemical cellulose products manufactured from wood. Rayonier had its second best money earning year in company history in 1956, it finished slightly behind 1955. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-104

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Two hard hatted workers from Rayonier Inc. stand in an old growth forest; seeming tiny next to the huge old trees. The enormous stands of forest in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia seemed unlimited. Although the demand for timber was down, it was at an all time high for chemical cellulose products manufactured from wood. Rayonier had its second best money earning year in company history in 1956, it finished slightly behind 1955. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-105

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Two hard hatted workers from Rayonier Inc. stand in an old growth forest. This photograph really shows the size of these enormous trees, the loggers appear tiny next to them. This stand of hemlock is approximately 80 years old. The trees are 110 - 125 feet high and average 24 inches in diameter. This track was recently thinned to promote growth of the best trees. Rayonier and its Canadian subsidiary Alaska Pine produced chemical cellulose, pulp, paper and lumber. They were also experimenting in developing new products called "silvichemicals" from the by products of cellulose manufacture. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-105

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Two hard hatted workers from Rayonier Inc. stand in an old growth forest. This photograph really shows the size of these enormous trees, the loggers appear tiny next to them. This stand of hemlock is approximately 80 years old. The trees are 110 - 125 feet high and average 24 inches in diameter. This track was recently thinned to promote growth of the best trees. Rayonier and its Canadian subsidiary Alaska Pine produced chemical cellulose, pulp, paper and lumber. They were also experimenting in developing new products called "silvichemicals" from the by products of cellulose manufacture. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-110

ca. 1956. Portrait of a timber worker in a hard hat bearing the green cross safety logo. Photograph was taken on Rayonier Grays Harbor timber lands and ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Timber and forests fueled the economy of the Olympic Peninsula.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-110

ca. 1956. Portrait of a timber worker in a hard hat bearing the green cross safety logo. Photograph was taken on Rayonier Grays Harbor timber lands and ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Timber and forests fueled the economy of the Olympic Peninsula.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-112

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. A man maneuvers a large piece of International machinery used to move logs. The machinery is operating in a clear cut and has a trailer arrangement on the back for moving logs and an attachment on the front for pushing the logs. Photographs taken on the timber lands belonging to Rayonier, Inc. Rayonier had a Grays Harbor tree farm totaling over 111,000 acres that had been harvested over 30 years prior and was producing a new crop of timber for the corporate giant.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-112

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. A man maneuvers a large piece of International machinery used to move logs. The machinery is operating in a clear cut and has a trailer arrangement on the back for moving logs and an attachment on the front for pushing the logs. Photographs taken on the timber lands belonging to Rayonier, Inc. Rayonier had a Grays Harbor tree farm totaling over 111,000 acres that had been harvested over 30 years prior and was producing a new crop of timber for the corporate giant.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-117

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Clear cuts can be seen throughout the forrest dotting the hills where the trees have been harvested. These areas would be replanted for future harvests. Rayonier had a Grays Harbor tree farm that totaled over 111,000 acres.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-117

ca. 1956. Timber industry scenes from Grays Harbor and the Olympic Peninsula, ordered by Malcolm McGhie. Clear cuts can be seen throughout the forrest dotting the hills where the trees have been harvested. These areas would be replanted for future harvests. Rayonier had a Grays Harbor tree farm that totaled over 111,000 acres.


Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor);

A101000-120

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited was a subsidiary of Rayonier and one of the largest lumber operations on the west coast of North America. Rayflo was a new chemical developed from hemlock residuals from the cellulose making process and used in the oil industry. In 1956, a new plant was being built in the Marpole Sawmill Division in Vancouver, B.C. for the production of this chemical. It had previously been produced in Grays Harbor, whose facilities would now be used for experimentation with other new chemicals. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-120

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited was a subsidiary of Rayonier and one of the largest lumber operations on the west coast of North America. Rayflo was a new chemical developed from hemlock residuals from the cellulose making process and used in the oil industry. In 1956, a new plant was being built in the Marpole Sawmill Division in Vancouver, B.C. for the production of this chemical. It had previously been produced in Grays Harbor, whose facilities would now be used for experimentation with other new chemicals. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-121

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. This is the new plant being constructed in Vancouver, B.C. at the Marpole Sawmill Division of Alaska Pine for the production of the chemical rayflo. Alaska Pine was the Canadian subsidiary of Rayonier Inc. Rayflo was produced from hemlock residuals obtained from the Marpole mill. The chemical was a dispersant that could be added to oil well drilling mud to control its viscosity and chemical properties. Rayflo was one of a new breed of "silvichemicals" being developed from the byproducts of cellulose manufacture by Rayonier. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-121

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. This is the new plant being constructed in Vancouver, B.C. at the Marpole Sawmill Division of Alaska Pine for the production of the chemical rayflo. Alaska Pine was the Canadian subsidiary of Rayonier Inc. Rayflo was produced from hemlock residuals obtained from the Marpole mill. The chemical was a dispersant that could be added to oil well drilling mud to control its viscosity and chemical properties. Rayflo was one of a new breed of "silvichemicals" being developed from the byproducts of cellulose manufacture by Rayonier. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-124

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Two men stand on the scaffolding erected around the tank being constructed for Alaska Pine's new plant in Vancouver, B.C. The plant will produce rayflo, a chemical manufactured from Hemlock byproducts and used in the production of oil well drilling mud. Alaska Pine was the subsidiary of Rayonier Inc. and one of the largest timber concerns on the west coast. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-124

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Two men stand on the scaffolding erected around the tank being constructed for Alaska Pine's new plant in Vancouver, B.C. The plant will produce rayflo, a chemical manufactured from Hemlock byproducts and used in the production of oil well drilling mud. Alaska Pine was the subsidiary of Rayonier Inc. and one of the largest timber concerns on the west coast. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-126

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited, a Canadian subsidiary of Rayonier Inc., was constructing a new plant at Vancouver B.C. for the production of Rayflo, a chemical used in oil well drilling, and its distribution to foreign markets. Rayflo was a new chemical developed from experimentation with the byproducts of cellulose production. It was produced from hemlock residuals obtained from the Marpole sawmill. It was used to control the chemical and physical properties of oil well drilling mud. Rayflo was the result of product development by Rayonier Inc. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-126

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited, a Canadian subsidiary of Rayonier Inc., was constructing a new plant at Vancouver B.C. for the production of Rayflo, a chemical used in oil well drilling, and its distribution to foreign markets. Rayflo was a new chemical developed from experimentation with the byproducts of cellulose production. It was produced from hemlock residuals obtained from the Marpole sawmill. It was used to control the chemical and physical properties of oil well drilling mud. Rayflo was the result of product development by Rayonier Inc. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-127

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Rayflo was a chemical used in the oil industry. When added to oil well drilling mud, it made it possible to control the chemical and physical properties of the mud. Although developed only a few years earlier, rayflo was in demand. The new factory was being built by Alaska Pine, the Canadian Subsidiary of Rayonier, for production of the new chemical. It was previously produced in Grays Harbor, Wa. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-127

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Rayflo plant at Marpole. Rayflo was a chemical used in the oil industry. When added to oil well drilling mud, it made it possible to control the chemical and physical properties of the mud. Although developed only a few years earlier, rayflo was in demand. The new factory was being built by Alaska Pine, the Canadian Subsidiary of Rayonier, for production of the new chemical. It was previously produced in Grays Harbor, Wa. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Chemical industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-285

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, sawmill plant at New Westminster, B.C. Alaska Pine had large modern sawmills at the Marpole (Vancouver) and New Westminster Sawmill Divisions. The combined daily capacity of both mills was a million board feet of lumber. This is the paved yard for intermediate lumber storage at Westminster. Some 10,000,000 board feet of material were held here. 49 % of Alaska Pine production consists of Western hemlock, 31% red cedar, 14% Douglas fir and the remainder Sitka spruce, white pine and yellow cypress. The mills produced a variety of products for wholesale markets sold in the U.S. and Canada. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-285

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, sawmill plant at New Westminster, B.C. Alaska Pine had large modern sawmills at the Marpole (Vancouver) and New Westminster Sawmill Divisions. The combined daily capacity of both mills was a million board feet of lumber. This is the paved yard for intermediate lumber storage at Westminster. Some 10,000,000 board feet of material were held here. 49 % of Alaska Pine production consists of Western hemlock, 31% red cedar, 14% Douglas fir and the remainder Sitka spruce, white pine and yellow cypress. The mills produced a variety of products for wholesale markets sold in the U.S. and Canada. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-288

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, sawmill plant at New Westminster, B.C. During 1956, Alaska Pine set up a new high speed production line, part of which is shown here, for processing western red cedar bevelled siding. The sawmills at the Marpole and New Westminster Divisions produced a variety of products for wholesale markets in the United States and Canada. The products included hemlock and Douglas fir two-inch dimension lumber, sheathing and boards, cedar siding and shingles and industrial grades for such uses as garage doors, ladders and millwork. Alaska Pine was a leading promoter of the use of cedar, especially as siding. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-288

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, sawmill plant at New Westminster, B.C. During 1956, Alaska Pine set up a new high speed production line, part of which is shown here, for processing western red cedar bevelled siding. The sawmills at the Marpole and New Westminster Divisions produced a variety of products for wholesale markets in the United States and Canada. The products included hemlock and Douglas fir two-inch dimension lumber, sheathing and boards, cedar siding and shingles and industrial grades for such uses as garage doors, ladders and millwork. Alaska Pine was a leading promoter of the use of cedar, especially as siding. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

A101000-301

ca. 1956. Alaska Pine, Marpole Division sawmill plant, Vancouver B.C. Semi-finished hemlock lumber waits on kiln-cars to roll into the dry kilns. Alaska Pine was a pioneer in kiln drying of hemlock and developing it as a commercial product. The company kiln-dries about 60% of its lumber output, including practically all of the hemlock products. Properly dried hemlock makes excellent construction lumber. This stimulated broader use of a timber still abundant in the fifties. The company was also promoting the use of cedar, particularly as siding. (Rayonier's annual report for 1956)


Lumber industry--British Columbia--1950-1960; Trees; Logs; Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited (Vancouver B.C.);

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