Civil Defense. Man with helmet reading "Incident Officer" points to area out of picture range; three other men in picture look in that direction. All of the men are standing by a large truck.

World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma;

Members of Company 7 of the Auxiliary Fire Service hook up to a hydrant during the March 21, 1943 civil defense drill. They were battling a real blaze that was deliberately set in an abandoned building in the industrial district. The purpose of the blaze was to test their newly equipped pumping unit.

World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; Fire engines & equipment--Tacoma--1940-1950; Fire fighters--Tacoma--1940-1950;

The members of one of the companies of Tacoma's auxiliary civil defense fire service posed with their engine and Tacoma Fire Chief Emory Whitaker outside of "The Florence," 414-22 Tacoma Ave. So. The photograph was taken either before or after a March 21, 1943 civil defense drill. The drill proposed that Tacoma had been bombed by enemy forces and the Florence Apartments had been destroyed.

World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; Florence Apartments (Tacoma); Fire engines & equipment--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Tacoma's eight Zone Air Raid Wardens met at the Hotel Winthrop to receive posters and other materials for the national V-Home campaign, scheduled to start Monday. V-Home stood for Victory Home, and it was a civil defense program targeted at teaching citizens to defend themselves in case of enemy attack. They were also expected to conserve, ration, buy war bonds and save salvage. The Zone wardens coordinated the effort of the precincts and block Air Raid Wardens. They are, left to right, R.J. Carino with printed air raid instructions, Paul Garver with a V-Home poster, C.W. Sangster, Tom Miller, Handel Ingham, Russell Longworth and James Crawford. Seated is Charles Strong holding a copy of the new bomb protection regulation. (TNT 4/19/1943, pg. 1-picture, T. Times, 4/19/1943, p. 2).

World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; Hotels--Tacoma--1940-1950; Hotel Winthrop (Tacoma); Group portraits;

Worker at Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company inspecting pressure gauge. During World War II Penn Salt produced chemicals important in manufacturing ammunitions products. (T.Times, 2/23/44)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Chemical industry--Tacoma--1940-1950; Working class--Tacoma--1940-1950; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Factories--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Two men wheel barrels of chemicals on dollies, preparing to load them for shipment at the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. "PennSalt," during World War II, manufactured chemicals for use in the ammunitions industry.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Chemical industry--Tacoma--1940-1950; Working class--Tacoma--1940-1950; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Factories--Tacoma--1940-1950;

A group of workmen posed in May of 1943 at the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Chemical industry--Tacoma--1940-1950; Working class--Tacoma--1940-1950; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Factories--Tacoma--1940-1950;

On March 19, 1943, a long line quickly formed outside the Crystal Palace Market, 1101 Market St., when word spread that one of the merchants inside the market had received a shipment of butter. More and more Tacomans were feeling the pinch of the war and the effects of rationing. Meat was in short supply with many markets totally out of beef and pork, continuing to keep their doors open by offering fish and fowl. Butter, too, was in short supply, and shortly after this photo was taken, the butter at the Crystal Palace had been snapped up.(T.Times, 3/20/1943, p.1) TPL-1991

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Consumer rationing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Consumers--Tacoma--1940-1950; Markets--Tacoma--1940-1950; Crystal Palace Market (Tacoma);

On March 19, 1943, a line quickly formed to buy rationed butter at the Crystal Palace Market. Other rationed items included coffee, sugar, gasoline, rubber and shoes. Ration stamps were needed to purchase any of these items, as diets and travel plans underwent revisions based on these restrictions. (T.Times, 3/20/1943, p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Consumer rationing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Consumers--Tacoma--1940-1950; Markets--Tacoma--1940-1950; Crystal Palace Market (Tacoma);

This view of the Salishan housing development shows the massive project as it looked in January of 1943. In 1942-43, Tacoma undertook its largest development plan ever, a 2000+ dwelling plan on 188 acres on the southeast side intended to house defense workers. The housing development was named Salishan, a Native American word for the tribes of the area. 1,600 structures were to be permanent and 400 temporary. By January of 1943 some of the much needed housing was nearing completion, but not able to be occupied. Some items were still out for bid - including the sewers. [Also dated 02-09-1943] (T. Times 2/25/1943, pg. 31)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Housing developments--Tacoma--1940-1950; Salishan Housing Project (Tacoma);

War Housing; Salishan project. An individual structure is pictured at the Salishan housing project. Salishan was constructed in 1942-43 on 188 acres in southeast Tacoma. It was composed of 2000+ homes, intended to house defense workers. Some were single family dwellings, others duplexes or four-plexes. [Also dated 02-09-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Housing developments--Tacoma--1940-1950; Salishan Housing Project (Tacoma);

On May 15, 1943, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company was awarded the coveted Army/Navy "E" pennant in an outdoor noontime ceremony, blessed with perfect weather. At the time, the company had been in operation in Tacoma for about 15 years. They stepped up production here to include chemicals needed for wartime. An unidentified man was pictured speaking to the audience while other dignitaries stand on the stage . (T.Times, 5/17/1943, p.16)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Awards;

Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, coverage of "E" award ceremony on May 15, 1943. L - R Capt. James R. Tague, USN, Fred C. Shanaman, vice president of the company, and Col. Arthur J. Ericcson, US Army, raised the pennant on the staff to the strains of "Anchors Aweigh." The pennant was presented by the Navy to Penn Salt for efficiency in the production of vital wartime chemicals. [T.Times, 5/17/1943, p.16; TNT 5/17/1943,pg. 1-picture)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Awards; Shanaman, Frederick Charles, 1901-1982;

On May 15, 1943, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company was presented with the coveted "E" pennant for efficiency in the production of vital chemicals for wartime uses. Holding the "E" pennant are two U.S. seamen and back of the pennant are, left to right, Capt. James R. Tague, Col. Arthur J. Ericcson, Col. Clarence B. Lober, and Fred C. Shanaman. (T.Times, 5/17/1943, p.16)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. of Washington (Tacoma); Awards; Shanaman, Frederick Charles, 1901-1982; Tague, James R.; Ericcson, Arthur J.; Lober, Clarence B.;

Masons at "Scrap Iron Acres," located near the Pacific Match Co. Nine men are dressed in overalls and other work clothes with wheelbarrows loaded with scrap metal to be reused for active war purposes. Each Sunday, organizations would volunteer their time and labor to sort the scrap and load it out for shipment.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Refuse disposal--Tacoma--1940-1950; Group portraits--1940-1950; Fraternal Organizations--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Three women, one a uniformed driver, and a man with a camera in an Army "Duck" amphibious vehicle on Broadway in front of the Winthrop Hotel. For War Finance Committee. [Also dated 04-27-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects of war--Tacoma; War Finance Committee (Tacoma); Amphibious vehicles--1940-1950; Military vehicles--1940-1950;

Reno Odlin, left, president of Puget Sound National Bank, in War Finance Committee booth at 9th and Broadway on April 29, 1943. He is busily selling $5,000 war bonds to Union representatives Harry Satterlee, center, Sec. Teamsters Local 313, and Charles Grover, Millmen's Local #1689. Large contributions from labor helped put Tacoma over the top, raising over $10 million in the second War Bond drive. Sound truck and Winthrop Hotel in background. [Also dated 04-27-1943] (TNT 4/30/1943, pg. 22)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects of war--Tacoma; War Finance Committee (Tacoma); Military vehicles--1940-1950; Odlin, Reno, 1897-1979; Satterlee, Harry; Grover, Charles; War bonds & funds;

Program coverage. U.S.O. Unit #2. A group of African American soldiers are sitting on stage looking out at the audience. In the 1940's, the military service was still segregated and the USO club on Commerce St. was intended for servicemen of color. [Also dated 02-29-1943] TPL-1958

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; African Americans--Social life--1940-1950;

Program coverage. U.S.O. Unit #2. A group of women standing and seated. Lady seated in front on left has a badge stating: Senior Hostess, U.S.O., No.2, Tacoma. USO #2 was located at 713-15 Commerce St. and was intended for use by servicemen of color. [Also dated 02-29-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; African Americans--Social life--1940-1950;

By 1943, there were five USOs in Tacoma. Because the United States Armed Services were still segregated, African American enlisted men had a separate U.S.O. This photograph from March 1943 is of a group of service men and hostesses at U.S.O. #2 which was located at 715 Commerce St. (Also dated 02-29-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; African Americans--Social life--1940-1950;

In 1943, although they fought side by side, the Army was still segregated. African American servicemen has their own USO Club in Tacoma, the U.S.O. #2 at 713-15 Commerce St. For Mothers Day in 1943, the black community of Tacoma tried to make the men feel at home by inviting them to a special church service. In honor of the holiday, the Lincoln High School a-capella choir (in robes) also presented a special program. (T. Times 5/8/1943,pg.7)

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; African Americans--Social life--1940-1950;

The Lincoln High School a-capella Choir (pictured) presented a special program for Mothers Day, May 9, 1943, at the USO Club #2. Since the Army was still segregated in World War II, this Club was intended for African American servicemen. (T. Times 5/8/1943, pg. 7)

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Choirs (Music); African Americans--Social life--1940-1950;

During the war, different organizations and companies would take turns entertaining the military men at the USO Clubs. On the last day in February, 1943, Northern Pacific played host at the 13th and Fawcett USO. Soldiers appear to be crowding behind a piano for a sing-a-long. (photograph damaged at right side)

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Northern Pacific Railway Co. (Tacoma);

A man dressed as a train engineer has captured the attention of many soldiers crowding the room as Northern Pacific plays host at 13th and Fawcett USO.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Northern Pacific Railway Co. (Tacoma);

Northern Pacific Railway hosts and hostesses at 13th & Fawcett U.S.O. Several of the hosts and hostesses are holding lanterns and Northern Pacific logo signs. Different social organizations and companies would take turns acting as hosts at the USO Clubs. [Also dated 02-28-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Northern Pacific Railway Co. (Tacoma); Group portraits--1940-1950;

Portrait of Ted Bishop and his wife taken outside Turner Richards' Photography Studio. Mr. Bishop is wearing a sailor's uniform in this February, 1943 photograph.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Military personnel--Tacoma; Bishop, Ted--Family; Turner Richards Studio (Tacoma);

May 11, 1943 review of Junior ROTC at Bellarmine High School. Portrait of dignitaries including priests, instructors, military officials and a woman. Over 300 guests witnessed the inspection and review. The event held soon after Mother's Day honored the mothers of the cadets and started with a military field mass and breakfast. This was followed by the military review on the school campus. (T.Times, 5/11/1943, pg. 11)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church schools--Tacoma; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950;

The Bellarmine ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) Color Guard was photographed during the May 11,1943 ROTC unit inspection and review. Left to right: Robert L. Erickson, John M. Carey, Douglas Johnson, and James Buchanan. At the all male Catholic high school, military drill was compulsory for sophomores and juniors. Bellarmine was the only high school on the Northwest coast with a ROTC unit. (T.Times, 5/12/43, p. 3-picture, 5/11/1943,pg.11)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church schools--Tacoma; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Military art & science--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Mrs. Clyde Best was one of several defense worker mothers who was honored by the Tacoma Times on the nation's second wartime Mothers Day in May of 1943. Mrs. Best had a husband serving in the Army who was stationed in Africa and an eighteen year old son, James Gibson, who had been in the Army three months. (T. Times 5/8/1943 p.4)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Best, Clyde--Family;

Tacoma honored its war-worker mothers of service men for Mother's Day, May of 1943. Mrs. Marietta Fleck was a welder at Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Company. Her son James Albert Nickerson had been an instructor of trainees in the infantry at Salina, Kansas, but his present location was unknown. He had been in the service six years and had two brothers in the Marines. (T. Times, 5/8/43, p. 1, 4 & 5) TPL-1972

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Fleck, Marietta; Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp. (Tacoma)--People;