Major Hooker. He is standing outside a house in July of 1943 wearing his uniform. His wife, Ellen J. Hooker, and daughter, Mary Rogan, are in the background. Major Albert Hooker, president of Hooker Electro-chemical Company, is on furlough from London where he serves as a chemical warfare officer. (T.Times, 7/20/1943, p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military personnel--Tacoma; Hooker, Albert H.; Hooker, Albert H.--Family; Hooker, Ellen; Hooker, Mary; Hooker Electrochemical Co. (Tacoma);

A Mexican Fiesta at the South Tacoma U.S.O. Dressed in Spanish costumes, a group of women serenade the audience.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950;

ca. 1943. In this photograph taken around 1943 in Tacoma's USO #2, Doris "Dorie" Miller demonstrated for the photographer some of the events that made him a hero during the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On December 7, 1941, he was stationed on the USS West Virginia in Pearl Harbor. After the bombing, he carried wounded fellow sailors, including the Captain, to safety. He then manned a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft gun until it ran out of ammunition, bring down a reported four Japanese planes. This was remarkable of itself, but especially since he had never received any artillery training. He was awarded the Navy Cross, the first African American sailor to receive this honor. He was killed in action in November of 1943. The frigate USS Miller was named in his honor.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; African Americans--Tacoma--1940-1950; Heroes--Tacoma; Miller, Doris;

Students registering at Gray school for farm labor in the Puyallup Valley fields. Five students gather around a desk to fill out employment slips.

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma;

Young students registering in the Gray school office for farm labor in the Puyallup Valley fields.

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma;

ca. 1943. Women Block Leaders at scrap pile. Two women and a small girl sit atop a wrecked automobile in the junkyard in this circa 1943 photograph. One woman is holding a lunch pail, the other is looking into a compact as she puts on lipstick.

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Junkyards--Tacoma; Cosmetics;

ca. 1943. O.W.I. Publicity. Two women working with metal parts on table surrounded by wooden barrels and plywood boxes at Northwest Chair. (T. Times).

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Northwest Chair Co. (Tacoma);

On September 9, 1943, the third War Loan Drive for WWII kicked off. Americans were encouraged to "Back the Attack" with their dollars. Pierce County's portion of the nation's 15 Billion dollar goal was 19 million dollars. In this photograph, the soldier was having a difficult time choosing which war bond to buy from the ten young women offering them to him. The women were dressed in similar floor length split-skirt jumpsuits. Photograph ordered by the War Finance Committee.

War bonds & funds--Tacoma--1940-1950; World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; Women--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Lincoln Heights War Housing. The exterior of several single story buildings. The ends of the closest building are wider at the top than the bottom and the windows along the long side are in a row towards the top. Lincoln Heights project includes 400 units, 120 acres. There is a community building, grocery store. It is between Lincoln and South Tacoma, near business districts. All units are permanent. (TNT 4/27/1943)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Buildings; Housing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

In 1943, C.F. "Cliff" Arney and Dick Perkins opened Arney's Saveway No.3 grocery and market at 2225 So. 38th St. near the Lincoln Heights housing project. The store was superbly stocked with every imaginable item in the way of groceries, fresh meats, produce, and fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables. They advertised that even though there was rationing, because of the war, they had a wide selection of "hard to get merchandise". This building stood close to what is now the 38th Street exit for I-5. (TNT 6/10/1943 p.6)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Grocery stores--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

Lincoln Heights War Housing. Single family residences just around the corner from Arney's Saveway Grocery Store. Newly planted shrubs line the new streets and curbs. TPL-6419

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Housing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

Salishan - Interiors and Exteriors. An office interior with a man behind a desk talking on the telephone and a woman at the end of the desk reviewing ledger cards. A map of site locations hangs on the right wall. 22,000 war workers have moved to Tacoma since Pearl Harbor needing housing. The 2,000 homes in Salishan (400 permanent and 1,600 with temporary construction) form a new city nearly the size of Puyallup with 465 acres. It includes a large community building, management and maintenance building and a shopping center. (TNT, 4/27/1943)

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Housing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Salishan Housing Project (Tacoma);

Lincoln Heights War Housing. A large, commercial size kitchen (a painted sign on the door also says "KITCHEN") in one of the buildings. A refrigerator, large sink, counters, a two-burner electric stove and a chair are all we see.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Kitchens--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

Lincoln Heights War Housing. The interior room of one of the buildings set up as a school for pre-school or kindergarten children. Several girls and boys sit around two large tables working. One child talks with the teacher at her desk. Paper chains decorate the windows.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; School children--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

Eagles receive visit from National President. Four men stand on stage behind a large Honor Roll plaque listing names of many men. The plaque states, "A star by a name indicated missing in action". The Eagles' National President, Robert W. Hansen, reviews the names from below the stage. (T.Times, 1/10/1944, p.12; 1/18/1944, p.18)

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma;

These female employees of the Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot were placing a wooden body built in Tacoma by the Northwest Chair Company onto a U.S. Army truck in September of 1943. The woman on the left was operating a forklift to lift the body onto its place on the Army truck chassis under the direction of the woman at right center. Other women were waiting to set the bolts that completed the assembly of the truck and then send it on its way. These Army trucks were going to war as completely assembled units for the first time. Women made up 50-60% of the work force at the ordnance depot. All women employees were trained as mechanics and became experts in their line. (T. Times, 9/2/1943, p.1) TPL-10353;

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Trucks--Tacoma--1940-1950; Hoisting machinery; Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot (Tacoma);

Women bus drivers at Tacoma Transit. A man and two women bus drivers were photographed on September 7, 1943, at the transit yard. The man is unnamed. The women are, L-R, Octa L. Girard and Thelma Derrickson. (T.Times, 9/10/1943, p.1; 9/13/1943, p.5) TPL-3205, TPL-1381

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Girard, Octa L.; Derrickson, Thelma; Bus drivers--Tacoma; Tacoma Transit Co. (Tacoma); Buses--Tacoma;

Army recruit, Dorothy Lowler. Dorothy H. Lowler takes the oath of enlistment given by Lt. Jean Holzhauer. Ms. Lowler is the first WAC to take the oath of enlistment in Tacoma. She will take basic training in Ft. Des Moines, Iowa, and afterwards will be assigned to an army air base either in the states or overseas. (T.Times, 1/24/1944, p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Recruiting & enlistment--Tacoma;

Eagles receive visit from National President in January of 1944. Large group portrait of men, those in front wearing uniforms, and several on stage behind and beside an Honor Roll plaque. Eagles' National President, Robert W. Hansen, is the man on the far right in the back row. (T.Times, 1/10/1944, P. 5; 1/18/1944, P.18)

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; Fraternal Order of Eagles (Tacoma); Fraternal organizations--Tacoma--1940-1950; Hansen, Robert W.;

On May 19, 1941, Fort Lewis troops have set up a field kitchen to feed the soldiers as they caravan from the Fort to California. They are travelling to the Hunter Liggett Reservation, halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for war games. The first overnight stop was at Vancouver Barracks. Over 36,000 troops in all from the Fort are involved in the movement. 23,000 are travelling by road over two routes, a trip involving six days travel. 13,000 are travelling on 25 trains, each comprised of 14-17 cars, plus 53 freight cars of equipment, 10 flat cars and 11 stock cars carrying horses and mules. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

On May 19, 1941, 23,000 soldiers from Fort Lewis began a six day trip from Tacoma to California to participate in a large "war games" exercise. The members of the 161st Infantry erected a pup tent city at Vancouver Barracks, their first stop on the trip. A total of 36,000 troops from Tacoma were involved in the move, the equivalent of moving a complete small city. 23,000 soldiers travelled by caravan on two routes, departing on May 19-23, 1941. The remaining 13,000 officers and men travelled on 25 trains. The soldiers travelling on the roads took six days to reach their destination, travelling in the morning only and camping afternoon through evening. The war games lasted six weeks. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg.1; 5/19/41, pg. 1; 5/20/41, pg. 1- photo)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Girls on the corner of 10th and K Streets collecting aluminum for national salvage drive. In July and August of 1941, all of Tacoma, along with the rest of America, was collecting aluminum that could be melted down and used to build bombers. Overall Tacoma collected 9 tons of the precious metal. In the background is the Faith Temple, 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, under construction. The building was built on a "pay as you go" basis and had only a small mortgage when dedicated November 15, 1942. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941]

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

From July 21 to August 23, 1941, there was an aluminum drive in Tacoma-Pierce County to collect old aluminum for national defense. This group of unidentified, young scavengers, working at the corner of So. 10th and K St. (now Martin Luther King Jr. Way), has collected quite a pile of old pots and pans. The IGA and 20th Century stores in the Tacoma area offered war bonds as prizes for the most successful collectors. The chairman of the drive, Russell N. Anderson, declared that it takes 10,000 lbs. of aluminum to build one fighter plane. The building under construction in the background is the Faith Temple, 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way. It was dedicated on Nov. 15, 1942. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941]

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

Two unidentified girls pause in their patriotic efforts for a snack in late July of 1941. The girls have set up a station on the corner of 10th and K Streets to collect salvaged aluminum for the city-wide Home Defense Corps aluminum drive that ran from July 21-29th. Although the United States would not enter WWll until Pearl Harbor, the government was ratcheting up national defense well before that December 7th day. The area was marked with a huge American flag. The metal wares from this site as well as others including the main bin at 9th & Broadway totaled over nine tons and was donated to the national committee to recycle into bombers. The building under construction in the background is the Faith Temple at 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way. The structure was built for $75,000 on a "pay as you go" basis. The building site is 50 X 117 feet and the concrete walls are 12 inches thick. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941] (T.Times 7-29-1941, p. 14-article on conclusion of aluminum drive)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

On July 23, 1941, Boy Scouts from Troop 42 (Larchmont) and Sea Scouts from the SSS Rainbow (McKinley Hill) debate how much muscle power is needed to heave the 50 lb. aluminum door into the collection enclosure. The high wire fence behind the boys, located in the 900 block of Broadway, was the central collection site for donations. The mountain of used aluminum would be donated to the national committee to be melted down and used to build airplanes. The door was a relic of an old submarine, scavenged from the scrap heap at the Bremerton Navy yard for use at Camp Hohobas on Hood Canal. Sea Scouts (in no particular order) Bud Christiansen, Arne Skaugset and Roy Ernsbarger helped toss the door over the wire. Music Box Theater in the background. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Sea Scouts (Tacoma); Music Box Theatre (Tacoma); Aluminum;

A couple of Sea Scouts, from the SSS Rainbow- McKinley Hill area, give a 50 pound aluminum door the old heave-ho on July 23, 1941, tossing it into the area set aside in the 900 block of Broadway for scrap aluminum donations. The aluminum will be melted down and put to use building airplanes. Bud Christiansen, Arne Skaugset and Roy Ernsbarger helped toss the metal, a relic from an old submarine, over the wire. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg. 3) TPL-9145

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Sea Scouts (Tacoma); Music Box Theatre (Tacoma); Aluminum;

On July 23, 1941, Cole E. Oliver and Russell N. Anderson shook hands, cementing the donation of the venerable Pierce Arrow pictured to be melted down into aluminum for the manufacture of bombers. Mr. Oliver had originally purchased the Pierce Arrow as an ambulance for his company, Oliver Taxi and Ambulance Co. Mr. Anderson, chairman of the Aluminum Drive Committee, was hoping to get 1,000 pounds of the precious metal from the vehicle. Pictured around the old ambulance, left to right, were Kenny Johnson, William E. Erickson, Cole Oliver, Russell Anderson and Tommy Burns. The city wide aluminum drive was scheduled for July 21-29th. (T. Times 7/23/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Pierce Arrow automobile; Oliver, Cole; Erickson, William; Anderson, Russell N.; Burns, Tommy; Johnson, Kenny;

This venerable Pierce Arrow rolled up to the defense metal "corral" at 9th and Broadway on July 23, 1941 and was donated to Tacoma's aluminum drive by Cole E. Oliver, owner of Oliver Taxi and Ambulance Company, and William E. Erickson, who worked with him. The vehicle was purchased as an ambulance and at its prime was valued at $9,000. Aluminum Drive Chairman Russell N. Anderson hoped to get 1,000 pounds of the metal out of the car, which was made almost entirely of aluminum. Pictured around the vehicle, left to right, are Cole E. Oliver, Tommy Burns, Kenny Johnson, William Erickson, Police Officer Ross Mowre and Russell Anderson. In the background is the Music Box Theater, 902-14 Broadway, showing Clark Gable and Rosalind Russell in "They Met in Bombay." For several years in the early to mid-1920s the Pierce Arrow was manufactured with bodies cast of aluminum. This appears to be a 1926 Model 80 4-door sedan. (T. Times 7/23/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Pierce Arrow automobile; Oliver, Cole; Erickson, William; Anderson, Russell N.; Burns, Tommy; Johnson, Kenny; Mowre, Ross; Music Box Theatre (Tacoma);

Mrs. Anna Eicholz, left, shades her eyes, watching for a response to the message sent by her signal flags. The woman in the center appears to be grading the member of the Women's Emergency Motor Corps, while the woman on the right looks for a response through her binoculars. Signalling, technically called semaphoring, was only one of the skills being taught to the female volunteers by their Army sergeant trainer. The women were part of the Home Defense Corps, ready to serve in case of an emergency. (T. Times 5/6/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; First aid--Tacoma--1940-1950; Women's Emergency Motor Corps (Tacoma);

The Tacoma Women's Emergency Motor Corps holds a training session at the Woodbrook Hunt Club. Capt. Iris Bryan, left, and Lt. Minnie Wingfield hold a serious discussion over first aid to be offered to a "patient." After the founder of the group, "Colonel" Harriet Virginia was charged with Grand Larceny, members elected Iris Bryan Captain of the unit. She continued to guide the 30 female members, overseeing their training and making them an auxiliary to the Home Defense Corps, ready to serve in an emergency. The group studied emergency transportation, first aid, Morse code, semaphore, motor mechanics, map reading and portable communications. (T.Times 5/6/1941, pg. 1) (photo copy donated by Faye Langston)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; First aid--Tacoma--1940-1950; Women's Emergency Motor Corps (Tacoma); Bryan, Iris; Wingfield, Minnie;