ca. 1943. One year old Pat Finnegan for New Year's. One-year old Pat Finnegan looks over the edge of the couch with toy animals, a toy rifle and a real rifle near by. A Christmas tree stands in the corner of the family's living room.

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Children playing with toys--Tacoma--1940-1950; Finnegan, Pat;

ca. 1943. One year old Pat Finnegan for New Year's. One-year old Pat Finnegan sits on the couch with a toy rifle, a real rifle, a soldier's hard hat, and a toy lamb and dog.

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Children playing with toys--Tacoma--1940-1950; Finnegan, Pat;

ca. 1943. One year old Pat Finnegan prepares for a military 1944 in these photos taken for New Years. He cries as Mom and Dad put a World War II helmet on his head and a rifle in his hands.

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Children playing with toys--Tacoma--1940-1950; Finnegan, Pat;

Army maneuvers. Soldiers at Ft. Lewis wearing camouflage are training with a rifle. Several soldiers look on. (T.Times, 8/27/1943, p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Camouflage--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Equipment & supplies--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Military personnel--Tacoma;

Army maneuvers. Soldiers at Ft. Lewis wearing camouflage, carrying packs, canteens, and ammunition belts train with a small cannon or machine gun are training at a mock village. (T.Times, 8/27/1943, p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Camouflage--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Equipment & supplies--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Military personnel--Tacoma;

Ruth Zdillae (right), home on furlough, dropped into the Army Recruiting Office in the Washington Building on February 25, 1943 to talk about her love for the Army life. She was stationed as a cook at Fort Sam Houston in Texas. Jean Hunnewell (left), in charge of WAAC recruiting here, was on duty. Miss Pauline Gregoryk, who had stopped in for information, was so impressed that she signed up for duty. (T.Times, 2/26/1943, p.4)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Recruiting & enlistment--Tacoma; Zdillae, Ruth; Hunnewell, Jean; Gregoryk, Pauline;

On February 16, 1943, the Clover Park Vocational School began its first classes for women learning to be auto mechanics. This pictured group checking under the hood of a dented military vehicle was on hand for the opening ceremonies. They are, left to right, Lt. C.L. Booth, Capt. F.A. Rose, Ed Erickson, Mrs. Pearl Wanamaker and A.G. Hudtloff. There were 21 women in the first class. (TNT 2/17/1943, pg. 19) TPL-10379

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Clover Park High School (Lakewood); Public schools--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Government officials visiting Clover Park High School. Classroom with adults seated at desks. Many women are dressed in coveralls and are wearing bandanas. Clover Park offered a program for civilian and military education related to the war effort .

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Clover Park High School (Lakewood); Public schools--Tacoma--1940-1950;

State and local education leaders and Army officers pose on February 13, 1943 at the opening of the Clover Park vocational shop program to train women as mechanics for the Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot. Thirty women were enrolled in the "mechanic learner program." Present at the opening were, left to right, Capt. E.A. Rose, Olai Hageness, John Maas, Iva Alice Mann, Sam Rehn, Mrs. H.E. Liebe, Lt. C. L. Booth, Mrs. Pearl Wanamaker, Ed Erickson and A.G. Hudtloff. (T.Times, 2/18/1943, p. 2)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Clover Park High School (Lakewood); Public schools--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Government officials visiting Clover Park High School. Classroom with adults seated at desks. Many women are dressed in coveralls and are wearing bandanas. Clover Park offered a program for civilian and military education related to the war effort .

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Clover Park High School (Lakewood); Public schools--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Five local women pause to pose for the camera at Union Station prior to leaving Tacoma May 6, 1943 to begin their careers as members of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. Pictured are, left to right, Agnes Dittbenner, Mary Dittbenner, Ellen V. Vail, Tacoma recruiter Dorothy Kerr, Grace Garner and Marie J. Stith. The bill authorizing the Womens Army Auxiliary Corps was enacted on May 14, 1942. By August of 1943, there were over 50,600 women in the WAACS. In August of 1943, in recognition of their service, the WAAC was converted to the Womens Army Corp, a bona fide part of the United States Army. (T. Times 5/7/1943 p.8; TNT 5/7/1943, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (Tacoma); Dittbenner, Agnes; Dittbenner, Mary; Vail, Ellen; Kerr, Dorothy; Garner, Grace; Stith, Marie;

Early in May of 1943, a quintet of adventurous Tacoma lasses posed in front of the locomotive at Union Station that was their first step to going "over there." The local women left Tacoma May 6th for the new training center at Monticello, Arkansas, to begin basic training in the year old Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC.) They are, left to right, Agnes Dittbenner, Mary Dittbenner, Ellen V. Vail, Marie J. Stith and Grace Garner. They travelled in a special car along with 47 other potential privates from Washington and Oregon. Over 150,000 American women served in the Army Corps in World War II. (T. Times 5/7/1943, pg. 8; TNT 5/7/1943, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (Tacoma); Dittbenner, Agnes; Dittbenner, Mary; Vail, Ellen; Garner, Grace; Stith, Marie;

As women volunteers took over more of the stateside jobs during the war, freeing more men up for combat service; a need grew for an increased number of members in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC.) A committee as formed from members of the business and labor community, clergy and civic clubs to aid in the state wide drive to step up enlistments. Washington state needed 4300 new WAACS by July 1st. In comparison, the national goal was 90,000. Serving on the committee were, front row left to right, Lt. Jean Hunnewell, Sgt. Deborah Kerr and Mrs. F.R. Titcomb. Back row- Dr. Franklin Thompson (of CPS), Roe Shaub, Lt. Col. A.A. Anderson and Thad Stevenson. (T. Times 5/21/1943, pg. 13)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (Tacoma); World War, 1939-1945--Recruiting & enlistment--Tacoma;

In May of 1943, the Tacoma Times honored its defense industry mothers on the nation's second wartime Mothers Day. Mrs. Ralph Macklen was employed as a shipfitters helper. Her son, Sgt. John J. Macklen, was serving with a medical corps at Camp Maxey, Texas. (T. Times 5/8/1943 p.4)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Macklen, Ralph--Family;

In May of 1943, Mrs. Hazel Fuhrman was doing her bit for the war effort by working as a shipfitter's helper. Her 18-year-old son was serving in the U.S. Navy. He was stationed in aviation ordnance school at Norman, Oklahoma. This photograph, and six other pictures of war-worker mothers of active service men, was published in the Tacoma Times on May 8, 1943 for the nation's second wartime Mother's Day. (T. Times, 5/8/43, p. 1, 4 &5) TPL-8036

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Holidays--Tacoma--1940-1950; Fuhrman, Hazel;

The Tacoma Times honored defense worker mothers of active servicemen on our nation's second wartime Mother's Day in May of 1943. On page 1 was this picture of Mrs. C.W. Greening, mother of one of Tacoma's most famous servicemen Major Ross Greening, a pilot with the heroic Tokyo Air Raiders, led by Jimmy Doolittle. Mrs. Greening was employed by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Co. Tacoma plant in the payroll department. Her son had been one of the pilots in the top secret raid on mainland Japan on April 18, 1942, that slowed down the Japanese war machine and gave a boost to American morale. The land based 16 B-25s took off from the deck of the aircraft carrier Hornet and carried out the war's first bombing raid on Japan. All but one of the aircraft crash landed or the crew bailed out. Major Greening and his crew bailed out and reached China safely. In 1943, he was stationed in North Africa, where he was shot down and captured in July of 1943. He survived the war and continued in a distinguished military career until his death in 1957. (T. Times 5/8/1943 p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Greening, C.W.--Family; Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp. (Tacoma)--People;

Tacoma honored its war-worker mothers of service men for Mother's Day, May of 1943. Mrs. Marietta Fleck was a welder at Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Company. Her son James Albert Nickerson had been an instructor of trainees in the infantry at Salina, Kansas, but his present location was unknown. He had been in the service six years and had two brothers in the Marines. (T. Times, 5/8/43, p. 1, 4 & 5) TPL-1972

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Fleck, Marietta; Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp. (Tacoma)--People;

Service mothers in Defense plants. During the Second World War many women took on non-traditional jobs to support the war effort. Mrs. E.L. Clevinger was a burner's helper in a defense plant. She and other women involved in defense work were honored at a special ceremony on Mother's Day in 1943. Her son, Corp. George Clevinger, had just left Tacoma after a furlough with his family. He was stationed at Camp Claiborne, La. (T. Times, 5/8/43 p.1, 4 & 5) TPL-8035

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Clevinger, E.L.--Family;

Mrs. Clyde Best was one of several defense worker mothers who was honored by the Tacoma Times on the nation's second wartime Mothers Day in May of 1943. Mrs. Best had a husband serving in the Army who was stationed in Africa and an eighteen year old son, James Gibson, who had been in the Army three months. Many women took non traditional jobs during the war to support their families and free the men up for military service. (T. Times 5/8/1943 p.4)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Best, Clyde--Family;

Mrs. Clyde Best was one of several defense worker mothers who was honored by the Tacoma Times on the nation's second wartime Mothers Day in May of 1943. Mrs. Best had a husband serving in the Army who was stationed in Africa and an eighteen year old son, James Gibson, who had been in the Army three months. (T. Times 5/8/1943 p.4)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Best, Clyde--Family;

Service mothers in Defense plants. War-time workers, mothers of service men, are honored for the second Mother's Day since the United States entered the World War. Mrs. Esther Baker is shown welding in May of 1943. She has a son, Rawlin Charles Baker, who is now training for service in the Navy at Farragut, Idaho. He was a welder at Sea-Tac before entering the service five weeks prior. (T. Times 5/8/43 p.1,4 & 5)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Mothers; Baker, Esther;

WAAC's at Headquarters. Lt. Jean Hunnewell (left) and Ruby Zdillae saluted each other on the roof of the Washington Building, 1019 Pacific Ave, that housed the Recruiting Office. Auxiliary Zdillae was home on furlough from her duties as cook stationed at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and stopped in at the Army recruiting headquarters in late February of 1943. (T. Times 2-26-43, p. 4-alt. photograph)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; Zdillae, Ruth; Hunnewell, Jean;

Some of the girls scheduled to take part in the May 8, 1943 show at the Armory, "Uncle Sam and the United Nation," posed for the camera. The show was both a pageant and a military display. Seated, left to right, are Lt. Jean Hunnewell, Cpt. Viva Anderson, Staff Sgt. Ruth Showman and WAAC Auxiliary Wilma Taylor. Standing- Mae Effenberger, Jacqueline Gibson, Anne Jyrancich, Dorothy Kerr, Staff Sgt. Mary Stafford and Rayela Riley. (T. Times 5/6/1943 p.20)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma;

May 11, 1943 review of ROTC at Bellarmine High School, honoring cadets and their mothers. Shown are ROTC members, with their mothers, who received awards for outstanding achievements. Pictured are, left to right, Mrs. A.A. Huston and son Jack, Mrs.M.McCaffrey & Bob, Mrs. Walter Erickson & Bob, Mike Jayko, Mrs. A.B.Comfort, Mrs.P. Brown & Phil, Mrs. J.Mijich & Joe and Mrs. F.M. Holt & Jim. Over 300 guests observed the inspection and review. (T.Times, 5/12/43, p.3)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church schools--Tacoma; Private schools--Tacoma--1940-1950; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Mothers--Tacoma--1940-1950; Families--Tacoma--1940-1950;

On May 11, 1943, over 300 guests witnessed the Bellarmine Junior ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) unit inspection & review. Bellarmine, an all male Catholic school, was the only high school on the Northwest coast with a ROTC unit. Military drill and classes were compulsory for sophomores and juniors. The cadets demonstrated close order drill, battalion parade and extended order formation. (T. Times 5/11/1943, pg. 11)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church Schools--Tacoma; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Military art & science--Tacoma--1940-1950;

The Bellarmine ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) Color Guard was photographed during the May 11,1943 ROTC unit inspection and review. Left to right: Robert L. Erickson, John M. Carey, Douglas Johnson, and James Buchanan. At the all male Catholic high school, military drill was compulsory for sophomores and juniors. Bellarmine was the only high school on the Northwest coast with a ROTC unit. (T.Times, 5/12/43, p. 3-picture, 5/11/1943,pg.11)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church schools--Tacoma; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Military art & science--Tacoma--1940-1950;

May 11, 1943 review of Junior ROTC at Bellarmine High School. Portrait of dignitaries including priests, instructors, military officials and a woman. Over 300 guests witnessed the inspection and review. The event held soon after Mother's Day honored the mothers of the cadets and started with a military field mass and breakfast. This was followed by the military review on the school campus. (T.Times, 5/11/1943, pg. 11)

World War, 1939-1945--Students--Tacoma; Church schools--Tacoma; Bellarmine High School (Tacoma); Reserve Officers Training Corps (Tacoma)--1940-1950;

Portrait of Ted Bishop and his wife taken outside Turner Richards' Photography Studio. Mr. Bishop is wearing a sailor's uniform in this February, 1943 photograph.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Military personnel--Tacoma; Bishop, Ted--Family; Turner Richards Studio (Tacoma);

Northern Pacific hosteses at 13th & Fawcett U.S.O. [Also dated 02-28-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Northern Pacific Railway Co. (Tacoma); Group portraits--1940-1950;

Northern Pacific Railway hosts and hostesses at 13th & Fawcett U.S.O. Several of the hosts and hostesses are holding lanterns and Northern Pacific logo signs. Different social organizations and companies would take turns acting as hosts at the USO Clubs. [Also dated 02-28-1943]

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; USO clubs (Tacoma)--1940-1950; Northern Pacific Railway Co. (Tacoma); Group portraits--1940-1950;