Lincoln Heights War Housing. The exterior of one of the buildings with several automobiles and a delivery truck with signs for Lucky Lager, Rainier Beer and Double Cola signs parked in the parking lot. A sign for a barber shop hangs on the side of one of the doorways.

World War, 1939-1945--Economic & industrial aspects--Tacoma; Housing--Tacoma--1940-1950; Lincoln Heights Housing Project (Tacoma);

On January 3, 1940, 1,800 troops stationed at Fort Lewis boarded the "U.S.S. Republic". They were being shipped to California to take part in the largest army-navy "war game" ever held in the United States. Six troop ships carried thousands of soldiers and marines and their field artillery for a lighting sea attack on the Monterey peninsula. The navy was responsible for teaching to troops how to load, lower away, row and land a fleet of small boats through the California breakers. (T. Times 1/3/1940 p.1 & 1/4/1940 p.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Loading of troops and departure of U.S. Army transport "Republic" for California. View of side of ship departing from Tacoma. (T. Times)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Loading of troops and departure of U.S. Army trasport "Republic" for California. About 200 soldiers wait in line on dock to enter wooden plank walkway into ship. (T. Times)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Loading of troops and departure of U.S. Army transport "Republic" for California. About 200 soldiers crowd to the ship's railing to wave goodbye. (T. Times)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Mrs. Robert Schlee, right, a native of London, England, poses with Mrs. George Hellyer of Interlaaken at the home of the Hellyers. Mrs. Schlee has accompanied her two youngest sons to the Hellyer home. The boys will remain at the Hellyer home during the duration of the European war. The Schlee home in England is near a Vickers airplane factory and frequently is the target of bombs. The family sleeps in the cellar. The boys are the end of a wave of English children who have sought refuge in the US and the first to come to Tacoma. They will also probably be the last, as the English government has forbidden future sailings of refugee children. (T. Times 10/26/1940, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma;

Mr. and Mrs. George Hellyer open their home in Interlaaken to their English friend's children for the duration of the European War. Pictured standing in the rear are Mr. and Mrs. George Hellyer flanking their friend Mrs. Robert Schlee. The children are, center row left to right, Nicholas Schlee and Marian Hellyer; bottom row left to right, Sandy Schlee and Harold Hellyer. Hundreds of English children had been sent to the U.S. to escape the German bombing of their own country. These boys are the first to come to Tacoma. They are also some of the last to leave England as the English government has forbidden future sailings of English children. Mrs. Schlee will return home to England. (T. Times 10/26/1940, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Hellyer, George--Family; Schlee, Robert--Family;

Four children play joyously on the swings, however two of these children are seeking refuge in the United States from the German bombing of England. English schoolboys Nicholas and Sandy Schlee arrived October 24, 1940 with their mother from England. Their mother will return home but the boys will remain at the home of Mr. and Mrs. George Hellyer for the duration of the war. Pictured, left to right, are Marian Hellyer (8), Sandy Schlee (9), Harold Hellyer (seated, 6) and Nicholas Schlee (10). The boys are thrilled to be in Tacoma, not for the reasons that you think, but because they hear that the fishing is great! The excited anglers will attend Park Lodge school. They are the first, and probably the last, refugee children to arrive in Tacoma. The English government had recently forbidden all sailings of children. (T. Times 10/26/1940, pg.1)

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Hellyer, Marian; Schlee, Sandy; Hellyer, Harold; Schlee, Nicholas;

Only two of these four children running in carefree abandon in October of 1940 are U.S. citizens. The two boys on the right are English, refugees from the German bombing of their home in England. The four children are (l to r) Harold and Marian Hellyer and Sandy and Nicholas Schlee. The Schlee boys were guests at the Hellyer home in Interlaaken for the duration of the European conflict. They are just two of the hundreds of children who fled England, but they were the first to come to Tacoma. Their home in England was near a Vickers airplane factory. Their family was forced to sleep in the basement to protect themselves from nighttime bombing. While in Tacoma, the boys attended Park Lodge School and enjoyed some northwest fishing. (T. Times 10/26/1940, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Hellyer, Marian; Schlee, Sandy; Hellyer, Harold; Schlee, Nicholas;

ca. 1941. Army corporal sitting with young woman who is wearing a dress, his hat, and is saluting him, accompanied by a big smile. Neither was identified in this circa 1941 photograph, probably taken in Tacoma.

World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Tacoma; Military personnel--Tacoma--1940-1950; Saluting--Tacoma;

An unidentified soldier uses a mirror and a razor to shave during an overnight bivouac enroute from Fort Lewis to California. Over 36,000 troops were being transported to participate in war games. The 23,000 travelling by motor vehicles would take six days to arrive, beginning travel at 5 a.m. each day and stopping at 12 noon to set up camp. The reduced travelling hours were designed so as not to disrupt motor travel completely in Washington and Oregon. (T. Times 5/14/1941)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Fort Lewis soldiers eating at a field kitchen that they have set up at Vancouver Barracks, first stop on their route from Fort Lewis to California. Beginning on May 19, 1941, and continuing through May 23rd, a caravan of 23,000 officers and men in 4,000 motor vehicles travelled in 2 separate caravans on 2 routes to participate in war games at the Hunter Liggett Reservation between San Francisco and Los Angeles. One group travelled on US Hwy 97 and the other on US 99. They travelled only from 5am to 12 noon, setting up camp the remainder of the day and freeing up the roads for civilian travel. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

On May 19, 1941, unidentified soldiers try to fill the time before supper with a game of cards as they caravan from Fort Lewis to California to participate in war games. 23,000 officers and men travelled in 4,000 motorized vehicles over two routes, clogging the highways as they travelled. They would drive only from 5a.m. to 12 noon, leaving the roads to civilians in the afternoons and evenings. It would take the troops six days to reach the war games site, setting up camp each night in between. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg. 1; 5/20/41, pg. 1-photo)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

On May 19, 1941, Fort Lewis troops have set up a field kitchen to feed the soldiers as they caravan from the Fort to California. They are travelling to the Hunter Liggett Reservation, halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for war games. The first overnight stop was at Vancouver Barracks. Over 36,000 troops in all from the Fort are involved in the movement. 23,000 are travelling by road over two routes, a trip involving six days travel. 13,000 are travelling on 25 trains, each comprised of 14-17 cars, plus 53 freight cars of equipment, 10 flat cars and 11 stock cars carrying horses and mules. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

In May of 1941, 36,000 troops deserted Fort Lewis for California to participate in war games. 23,000 of them travelled on two routes, US 97 and US 99, by caravan. The caravans were made up of 4,000 motor vehicles. The photographer rode with the first truck convoy of the 41st Division on the initial leg on the trip to west central California. The first group that day totalled 4500 men and the second 2500. They stretched out in a line of trucks 60-70 miles long. They travelled from 5 a.m. to 12 noon, glutting the highways, and then made camp until the following morning. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Beginning on May 19, 1941, 23,000 soldiers from Fort Lewis began the trek by motor vehicle from the Fort to California for war games. They travelled in 2 caravans by 2 separate routes, one group on US highway 97 and one on US 99. The trip would take six days with the caravans travelling from 5 am til 12 noon and then camping for the remainder of the day. The shortened travel day was to free up the roads for non-military travelers. Another 13,000 troops would be making the trek by train. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Unidentified soldiers says goodbye to two female friends as they prepare to take part in a military convoy. In mid May of 1941, 36,000 Fort Lewis troops set out for California to participate in war games. The logistics were the equivalent of moving a small city. 23,000 men and officers travelled in 4,000 motor vehicles of all sizes, from big 6 wheelers to jeeps. There would be two separate caravans on 2 routes, US Hwy 97 and US 99. Departures would begin May 19 and continue through the 23. The remaining troops would travel on 25 trains. The war games would be held on the Hunter Liggett Reservation, about halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, near Fort Ord. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

On May 19, 1941, 23,000 soldiers from Fort Lewis began a six day trip from Tacoma to California to participate in a large "war games" exercise. The members of the 161st Infantry erected a pup tent city at Vancouver Barracks, their first stop on the trip. A total of 36,000 troops from Tacoma were involved in the move, the equivalent of moving a complete small city. 23,000 soldiers travelled by caravan on two routes, departing on May 19-23, 1941. The remaining 13,000 officers and men travelled on 25 trains. The soldiers travelling on the roads took six days to reach their destination, travelling in the morning only and camping afternoon through evening. The war games lasted six weeks. (T. Times 5/14/1941, pg.1; 5/19/41, pg. 1; 5/20/41, pg. 1- photo)

World War, 1939-1945--Military mobilizations; Troop movements--1940-1950;

Girls on the corner of 10th and K Streets collecting aluminum for national salvage drive. In July and August of 1941, all of Tacoma, along with the rest of America, was collecting aluminum that could be melted down and used to build bombers. Overall Tacoma collected 9 tons of the precious metal. In the background is the Faith Temple, 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, under construction. The building was built on a "pay as you go" basis and had only a small mortgage when dedicated November 15, 1942. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941]

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

From July 21 to August 23, 1941, there was an aluminum drive in Tacoma-Pierce County to collect old aluminum for national defense. This group of unidentified, young scavengers, working at the corner of So. 10th and K St. (now Martin Luther King Jr. Way), has collected quite a pile of old pots and pans. The IGA and 20th Century stores in the Tacoma area offered war bonds as prizes for the most successful collectors. The chairman of the drive, Russell N. Anderson, declared that it takes 10,000 lbs. of aluminum to build one fighter plane. The building under construction in the background is the Faith Temple, 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way. It was dedicated on Nov. 15, 1942. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941]

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

Two unidentified girls pause in their patriotic efforts for a snack in late July of 1941. The girls have set up a station on the corner of 10th and K Streets to collect salvaged aluminum for the city-wide Home Defense Corps aluminum drive that ran from July 21-29th. Although the United States would not enter WWll until Pearl Harbor, the government was ratcheting up national defense well before that December 7th day. The area was marked with a huge American flag. The metal wares from this site as well as others including the main bin at 9th & Broadway totaled over nine tons and was donated to the national committee to recycle into bombers. The building under construction in the background is the Faith Temple at 1001 Martin Luther King Jr. Way. The structure was built for $75,000 on a "pay as you go" basis. The building site is 50 X 117 feet and the concrete walls are 12 inches thick. (T. Times) [Also dated 07-29-1941] (T.Times 7-29-1941, p. 14-article on conclusion of aluminum drive)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Aluminum; Flags--United States; World War, 1939-1945--Children--Tacoma; Faith Temple (Tacoma);

On July 23, 1941, Boy Scouts from Troop 42, in the Larchmont area, were pictured at 9th and Broadway with their donations for the wartime scrap aluminum drive. The boys had quite a collection of old metal, including the washing machine that they are heaving into the main dump site. A large wire enclosure was being used to corral the donated metal during the weeklong city drive. The eleven boys in the troop brought 135 donation pieces from their Southeastern neighborhood. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg. 3; eleven boys in troop named in article)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Aluminum;

On July 23, 1941, eleven Boy Scouts of Troop 42 from the Larchmont area of southeast Tacoma came downtown to contribute 135 pieces of scrap aluminum to the aluminum collection drive. The metal was needed to build bombers for the Army Air Corp. The main collection dump was at the corner of South 9th and Broadway, in front of the Music Box Theater. The Larchmont area centered near South 96th Street and Pacific Avenue; it was planned to be a select suburban community with streets named after famous colleges such as Harvard, Yale and Amherst. Boys taking part in the aluminum drive were: (in no particular order) Billy Bowlin, Walter Oden, Richard Ruth, Dickie Hansler, Don Lang, Elroy Burnett, Gerald Griffith, Raleigh Elkins, Stanley Vernon, Leslie Roley and Tomio Akimoto. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg.3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Music Box Theatre (Tacoma); Aluminum;

On July 23, 1941, Boy Scouts from Troop 42 (Larchmont) and Sea Scouts from the SSS Rainbow (McKinley Hill) debate how much muscle power is needed to heave the 50 lb. aluminum door into the collection enclosure. The high wire fence behind the boys, located in the 900 block of Broadway, was the central collection site for donations. The mountain of used aluminum would be donated to the national committee to be melted down and used to build airplanes. The door was a relic of an old submarine, scavenged from the scrap heap at the Bremerton Navy yard for use at Camp Hohobas on Hood Canal. Sea Scouts (in no particular order) Bud Christiansen, Arne Skaugset and Roy Ernsbarger helped toss the door over the wire. Music Box Theater in the background. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Sea Scouts (Tacoma); Music Box Theatre (Tacoma); Aluminum;

A couple of Sea Scouts, from the SSS Rainbow- McKinley Hill area, give a 50 pound aluminum door the old heave-ho on July 23, 1941, tossing it into the area set aside in the 900 block of Broadway for scrap aluminum donations. The aluminum will be melted down and put to use building airplanes. Bud Christiansen, Arne Skaugset and Roy Ernsbarger helped toss the metal, a relic from an old submarine, over the wire. (T. Times 7/25/1941, pg. 3) TPL-9145

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Boy Scouts of America, Troop 42 (Tacoma); Sea Scouts (Tacoma); Music Box Theatre (Tacoma); Aluminum;

On July 23, 1941, Cole E. Oliver and Russell N. Anderson shook hands, cementing the donation of the venerable Pierce Arrow pictured to be melted down into aluminum for the manufacture of bombers. Mr. Oliver had originally purchased the Pierce Arrow as an ambulance for his company, Oliver Taxi and Ambulance Co. Mr. Anderson, chairman of the Aluminum Drive Committee, was hoping to get 1,000 pounds of the precious metal from the vehicle. Pictured around the old ambulance, left to right, were Kenny Johnson, William E. Erickson, Cole Oliver, Russell Anderson and Tommy Burns. The city wide aluminum drive was scheduled for July 21-29th. (T. Times 7/23/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Pierce Arrow automobile; Oliver, Cole; Erickson, William; Anderson, Russell N.; Burns, Tommy; Johnson, Kenny;

This venerable Pierce Arrow rolled up to the defense metal "corral" at 9th and Broadway on July 23, 1941 and was donated to Tacoma's aluminum drive by Cole E. Oliver, owner of Oliver Taxi and Ambulance Company, and William E. Erickson, who worked with him. The vehicle was purchased as an ambulance and at its prime was valued at $9,000. Aluminum Drive Chairman Russell N. Anderson hoped to get 1,000 pounds of the metal out of the car, which was made almost entirely of aluminum. Pictured around the vehicle, left to right, are Cole E. Oliver, Tommy Burns, Kenny Johnson, William Erickson, Police Officer Ross Mowre and Russell Anderson. In the background is the Music Box Theater, 902-14 Broadway, showing Clark Gable and Rosalind Russell in "They Met in Bombay." For several years in the early to mid-1920s the Pierce Arrow was manufactured with bodies cast of aluminum. This appears to be a 1926 Model 80 4-door sedan. (T. Times 7/23/1941, pg. 3)

World War, 1939-1945--Scrap drives; Pierce Arrow automobile; Oliver, Cole; Erickson, William; Anderson, Russell N.; Burns, Tommy; Johnson, Kenny; Mowre, Ross; Music Box Theatre (Tacoma);

This photograph, taken on October 3, 1941, is of the corner of 11th and A Street, showing traffic from the shipyard into the city. The city had plans to extend Alexander Ave. across 11th Street to Lincoln Ave. to create a new route and hopefully relieve this bottleneck on 11th Street. However, federal aid would be needed to extend the road across the water covered Tideflats.The Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp. had recently expanded its work force, due to military contracts, and this was causing increased traffic congestion. (T.Times 9/23/1941, pg. 4)

World War, 1939-1945--War work--Tacoma; Automobiles--1940-1950; Traffic congestion--Tacoma--1940-1950;

In October of 1941, long lines of automobiles crawl down Alexander Ave. at the end of the shift at the Seattle- Tacoma shipyard. The shipyard was located at the end of Alexander Ave. and there was only one way for the workers to get back into town. (T. Times 10/10/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--War work--Tacoma; Automobiles--1940-1950; Traffic congestion--Tacoma--1940-1950;

Mrs. Anna Eicholz, left, shades her eyes, watching for a response to the message sent by her signal flags. The woman in the center appears to be grading the member of the Women's Emergency Motor Corps, while the woman on the right looks for a response through her binoculars. Signalling, technically called semaphoring, was only one of the skills being taught to the female volunteers by their Army sergeant trainer. The women were part of the Home Defense Corps, ready to serve in case of an emergency. (T. Times 5/6/1941, pg. 1)

World War, 1939-1945--Women--Tacoma; World War, 1939-1945--Civil defense--Tacoma; First aid--Tacoma--1940-1950; Women's Emergency Motor Corps (Tacoma);