Two men in heavy topcoats to ward off chilly weather stand next to a large cut log on October 28, 1922. On the end of the log are words welcoming delegates to the 13th Pacific Logging Congress. 500 representatives of the logging industry met in Tacoma from October 25 to the 28th . On the last day of the convention they journeyed to the St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. camp at Kapowsin where the above photograph is believed to have been taken. TPL-2118; G75.1-136 (TDL 10-23-22, p. 5-article; TDL 10-25-22, p. 1-article; TDL 10-26-22, p. 1-article)

Pacific Logging Congress; Meetings--Tacoma--1920-1930; Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Logs;

Delegates to the 13th annual Pacific Logging Congress Convention observe logging operations in October of 1922. A steam donkey next to a spar tree is assisting in the yarding procedures. The visiting lumbermen watched the modern methods of logging at the St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. camp at Kapowsin. G75.1-092 (TDL 10-23-22, p. 5-article; TDL 10-25-22, p. 1-article; TDL 10-26-22, p. 1-article)

Pacific Logging Congress; Meetings--Tacoma--1920-1930; Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Logs; Steam donkeys;

Poles are stacked and loaded onto railroad flatcars by the heavy crane nearby. This December, 1922, photograph was ordered by the Cascade Timber Co. G36.1-071 (print has deteriorated)

Lumber industry--1920-1930; Cascade Timber Co.; Railroad freight cars; Hoisting machinery;

Exterior view of the East Side Lumber Co., taken on December 21, 1922. Mill was located in Olympia. Henry Mallory was an early president of the firm. 1922 was also the year that the first local Port District was formed. The new port flourished and within a few years would serve 30 lumber mills, including East Side Lumber, five shingle mills, two large veneer plants and the Olympia Door Co. G36.1-060 (negative damaged) (www.ci.olympia.wa.us--article)

East Side Lumber Co. (Olympia); Lumber industry--Olympia--1920-1930;

Logging operations at West Fork Logging Co. site #1. Logs are being "loaded," per photographer Marvin Boland's notes. This was probably located in the Seabeck, Washington, area, in March of 1924. (Additional information provided by a reader)

West Fork Logging Co.; Lumber industry--1920-1930;

Log dump next to railroad tracks as pictured on August 14, 1925. G36.1-086

Logs; Railroad tracks--Tacoma--1920-1930;

The "Silksworth" was docked at the Tidewater Mill, 3901 E. 11th St., the first stop of four, on November 19, 1925. She would continue on to the Defiance Lumber on November 22nd, and then on to Dickman and St. Paul mills. The Australian-bound vessel, on her first visit to Tacoma, was under the command of Captain R. Deans. The 429-foot "Silksworth" was a relatively new ship, in operation less than three years, and had a 53-foot beam. She would be taking 4,080,000 feet of lumber to Australia, 3 million feet of which would be loaded in Tacoma. As the ship is tied up at Tidewater, numerous logs, waiting to be processed, float in the waterway. The mill, located on the east side of the Hylebos Waterway, exported most of its timber. Because of its 750 feet of deep water moorage, Tidewater Mill was capable of loading several vessels at the same time. (photograph has been damaged) (TNT 11-21-25, p. 5-article on the "Silksworth")

Tidewater Mill Co. (Tacoma); Lumber industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Logs; Cargo ships--1920-1930; Shipping--Tacoma--1920-1930;

Fire damage at Mineral Lake Logging Co. Camp 17 as viewed on September 3, 1926. In the right foreground are scorched tree stumps. G75.1-086 (photograph is marked B15570; however, correct image # should be B15569, per photographer Boland's notes.)

Mineral Lake Logging Co. Camp 17; Fires; Tree stumps; Logs; Lumber industry--Washington--1920-1930;

ca. 1888. In this photograph from 1888, over a half-dozen ships crowd up to the dock of a lumber yard in Tacoma to take on lumber. The dock shown is probably the Tacoma Mill Company dock which was located on the waterfront by present day Old Tacoma, close to the Jack Hyde Park at the south end of Ruston Way. TPL-8608

Lumber industry--Tacoma--1880-1890; Lumberyards--Tacoma--1880-1890; Sailing ships--Tacoma--1880-1890

ca. 1918. In 1853, Capt. William Talbot located the perfect site for a lumber mill, a sheltered bay five miles inside of the Hood Canal. He and partners Josiah Keller, Andrew Pope and Charles Foster built the Puget Mill in an area called "Teekalet" by the native Americans. In 1865, the town that the mill had erected for its workers was renamed Port Gamble. A company store was built in 1853, but it was replaced in 1916 by this office and general store built on Rainier Ave. As the centerpiece for the company town, the store sold groceries and household items needed by the workers and also served as the communication center, posting news of the world on its bulletin boards. The offices for the company were located upstairs. The building is still the General Store in Port Gamble, although it now caters to tourists, while a museum is now located on the lower level. (HistoryLink.org, Bremerton Sun 5/15/1953) Boland #23

Lumber industry--Port Gamble; Puget Mill Co. (Port Gamble); General stores--Port Gamble;

ca. 1918. Junction of Rainier Ave and View Drive in Port Gamble, circa 1918. The building in the back was the company office and attached company store of Puget Mill. Puget Mill owned the entire town of Port Gamble and operated it for the benefit of their workers. In the foreground was the Community Hall, operated as a meeting venue for workers. It also contained the doctor, dentist and telegraph offices, a barber shop, Post Office and meeting room that could double as a theater and movie house. (Historylink.org) Boland #30

Lumber industry--Port Gamble; Puget Mill Co. (Port Gamble); Post offices--Port Gamble; Community centers--Port Gamble; General stores--Port Gamble;

Mill workers, accompanied by Washington National Guardsmen, stand at the side of the road preparing to cross the Eleventh Street Bridge into the Tideflats to report to work. A second group of men appears to be standing just ahead, possibly strikers gathering to heckle the workers. In June of 1935, workers attempting to return to work at the reopening mills were subjected to extreme violence and threats. Governor Clarence Martin ordered the second battalion of the Washington National Guard 161st Infantry to Tacoma on June 23, 1935 to protect the returning workers and the mills. The guardsmen were armed with smoke, tear and nausea gas bombs, rifles, bayonets and ammunition. (TNT 6/24/1935, pg. 1 & 2)

Members of the Washington National Guard are loaded up in trucks and preparing to return to downtown Tacoma from the industrial Tideflats across the Eleventh Street Bridge. The second battalion of the Guards' 161st Infantry was mobilized to Tacoma by Governor Clarence Martin when workers attempting to return to work during the Lumber workers' strike met with violence. Their job was to protect the workers and the mills. They were stationed at the Armory and patrolled the Tideflats and all bridges and roads into the area. The Eleventh Street bridge has roadblocks on all but one lane, so that vehicles could be searched. (TNT 6/24/1935, pg. 1 & 2)

ca. 1935. Workers coming through the gate at the St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. mill in Tacoma, 1220 Saint Paul Ave., around 1935. The mill was established in 1888 on a tideflat island called the "Boot," which lay between the two principal outlets of the Puyallup River. The mill began operation in April of 1889. Production rose until, by 1940, the mill claimed the largest daily production in the world.

Rayonier, Inc., timber industry scenes, Grays Harbor, taken on behalf of Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York. Old-growth timber from possibly the Rayonier, Inc., tree farm site in Grays Harbor is being carefully loaded onto a heavy duty logging truck in July, 1964. A man in hard hat is crouching on top of the truck to guide the placement of the log.

Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1960-1970; Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor); Hoisting machinery;

In the summer of 1966, this unidentified worker was in the process of cutting through the base of an old-growth timber at a Grays Harbor property owned by Rayonier, Inc. His hard hat and gloves would provide protection while wielding the large saw. (no print on file, scan from original negative)

Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor); Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1960-1970; Logs; Saws;

This Rayonier worker appears to be making an initial cut into the base of this large tree in this photograph dating from July of 1966. Founded in 1926, the company remains one of the largest private landowners in the United States and still supplies timber to a wide variety of markets including pulp, paper, lumber, renewable energy production and other wood products. (no print on file, scan from original negative) (www.rayonier.com-article)

Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor); Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1960-1970; Saws;

Rayonier employee uses a McCulloch chain saw to cut through a tree near its base on July 20, 1966. This was on Rayonier property in Grays Harbor. (no print on file, scan from original negative)

Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor); Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1960-1970; Saws;

An unidentified Rayonier worker in hard hat runs his hand over the trunk base of an large old-growth tree in July of 1966. It looks as though his saw was used to cut down the tree located in Grays Harbor. (no print on file, scan from original negative)

Rayonier, Inc. (Grays Harbor); Lumber industry--Grays Harbor--1960-1970; Saws;

Scenes from Idaho mill. Several long plywood boards wait to be wrapped by a Potlatch Forest employee in late October, 1967. He has nearly completed wrapping one in preparation for delivery. The Lewiston mill, pictured above, has been modernized and expanded several times. Potlatch Forests was founded as a company in 1903 as Potlatch Lumber Co.; one of its initial major investors was Frederick Weyerhaeuser. It merged with two other companies in 1931 and became Potlatch Forests, Inc., with headquarters in Lewiston, Idaho. John Philip Weyerhaeuser, Jr., was its first president. Potlatch moved its headquarters to San Francisco in 1965 and then to Spokane in 1997. It is now known as Potlatch Corporation. Photograph ordered by Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York, for 1967 Potlatch Forests annual report. (ir. potlatchcorp.com)

Potlatch Forests, Inc. (Lewiston, ID); Lumber industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Paper industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Plywood;

View of log dump and Potlatch Forests, Inc., Idaho mill. Potlatch Forest's log dump was conveniently located to its mill for easy access and transport. The logs were contained in the large pond, fenced in by tied bundles of vertical logs. Photograph ordered by Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York.

Potlatch Forests, Inc. (Lewiston, ID); Lumber industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Logs;

Plywood operations at Potlatch Forests, Inc., Lewiston, Idaho, plant. Small wheels appear to jump in the air as they smooth down a large thin sheet of paper during daily operations at the Lewiston, Idaho, Potlatch Forests facility. A man in short sleeves and cords keeps a close watch on the process. Photograph ordered by Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York.

Potlatch Forests, Inc. (Lewiston, ID); Lumber industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Paper industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Plywood; Mills--Idaho--Lewiston; Machinery;

Scenes from Potlatch Forests, Inc., lumber and paper operations. Alone in a sea of logs, a worker leans as he pushes a log with his pole at the Potlatch log dump thought to be in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. The floating logs nearly obliterate the sight of water in the large pond. Photograph ordered by Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York. (Additional identification provided by a reader)

Potlatch Forests, Inc.; Logs; Lumber industry--Idaho--1960-1970;

Interior of Potlatch Forests, Inc., Idaho plant. A Potlatch employee is shown lifting a smooth sheet of plywood on July 8, 1968, in the Lewiston, Idaho, mill. He keeps a steady eye on the large piece of machinery with the big roller. Photograph ordered by Malcolm McGhie, industrial consultant, New York.

Potlatch Forests, Inc. (Lewiston, ID); Lumber industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Paper industry--Idaho--1960-1970; Plywood; Machinery; Mills--Idaho--Lewiston;

One man is able to move an enormous roll of paper using an Ederer crane at the Weyerhaeuser Kraft paper mill in Longview, Washington.

Mills--Longview; Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. (Longview); Lumber industry--Longview; Ederer Engineering Co. (Seattle);

St. Paul and Tacoma Lumber Company chip storage plant as viewed on September 3, 1952. Kenworth truck with trailer and two more trailers at loading bays on ground level of building.

St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. (Tacoma); Lumber industry--Tacoma--1950-1960; Trucks--Tacoma--1950-1960;

The exterior of one of the buildings at the Weyerhaeuser pulp mill at Longview, Washington, showing vents for the air system installed by Drew Engineering Company, Portland, Oregon. Longview was Weyerhaeuser's largest and most diversitied millsite in 1952. The site contained a plywood plant with a capacity of 6 million square feet of 3/8-inch plywood per month and a bark products plant where Silvacon was produced for use as plywood glue, rubber products, oil well drilling, mastic flooring and in plastics. The location also maintained a pulp log barker, chippers for the pulp plants, and a sulphate pulp mill with its 225 tons of bleached Kraft pulp each day. The wood fiber plant processed Silvacel for cold storage insulation and oil well drilling, and Silvawool for home and building insulation. The plant also maintained a development department and the fabrication department which turned out Monocord trusses and laminated beams. (Weyerhaeuser Magazine, June 1952)

Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. (Longview); Mills--Longview; Lumber industry--Longview; Drew Engineering Co. (Portland);

The interior Weyerhaeuser's bleached Kraft mill at Longview, Washington, showing paper coming from the air dryer where the sheet of paper is carried around cylindrical driers containing high-pressure steam and the remaining water is driven off in the form of vapor in the air. From the driers the sheet passes through two calendar stacks, each consisting of several steel rolls, riding one on top of the other. The paper passes between them for the purpose of imparting a smooth finish. Further chemical treatment of the surface may also be added on one of these calendar stacks. Ordered by Drew Engineering Company, Portland, Oregon, manufacturers of industrial air systems. (Weyerhaeuser Magazine, November 1952)

Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. (Longview); Mills--Longview; Lumber industry--Longview; Drew Engineering Co. (Portland); Machinery; Fans (Machinery);

An elevated view of Weyerhaeuser's bleached Kraft mill at Longview, Washington, showing the "wet end" of the paper producing process. Prepared pulp is evenly distributed on a fine, large, bronze wire woven as an endless belt 130 feet long and 216 inches wide and traveling at a speed of several hundred feet a minute. The sheet of paper is actually formed on this wire when the water carrying the pulp fibers drains away and leave a wet mat of felted pulp fibers. By means of a wide, heavy woolen felt traveling continuously through the section of the paper machine known as the press rolls, the wet sheet is carried from the wire, additional water is removed by pressing and a damp sheet is delivered to the next section of the machine known as the drier section. (Weyerhaeuser Magazine, November 1952)

Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. (Longview); Mills--Longview; Lumber industry--Longview; Machinery;

A man is operating a Thwing-Albert Electro-Hydraulic Tensile Tester and recording the results of the tests at Weyerhaeuser's Kraft plant in Longview, Washington. He is holding a pencil in his right hand as he turns the equipment off and on.

Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. (Longview); Mills--Longview; Lumber industry--Longview; Product inspection--Longview; Equipment;