The Red Shield Inn (now the Fort Lewis Museum) was opened on December 7, 1919, by the Salvation Army to accommodate relatives visiting soldiers at Camp Lewis. Its name reflected the emblem of the Salvation Army. It was built across from the camp in the Greene Park recreation development at a cost of $107,000. The Salvation Army originally had provided sleeping quarters for visitors but need soon exceeded the limited space. The three-story Red Shield Inn, with 150 rooms, provided a welcome solution. It was turned over to the government, without strings, by the Salvation Army on July 1, 1921, so that it could be used as quarters for officers, their relatives and friends. The building is the only remaining structure of Greene Park. TPL-050 G69.1-116 (www.historylink.org; Tacoma Sunday Ledger, 12-14-19; TDL 6-22-21, p. 9-article)

Red Shield Inn (Camp Lewis);

Freighter "Hyades" at Pratt Dock on February 19, 1920. White sacks are on small hand-drawn carts for either loading or unloading onto the ship. A cluster of men stay with their cargo. The "Hyades" was operated by Matson Navigation Co. and took on over 2000 tons of general freight for Hawaii. She would sail for the Islands on or about February 25th. G49.1-199 (TNT 2-18-20, p. 13-article)

Cargo ships--Tacoma--1920-1930; Shipping--Tacoma--1920-1930; Piers & wharves--Tacoma--1920-1930;

This is Truck Co. No. 2 with their 1913 Seagrave 75-foot aerial in front of Engine House No. 2. The driver was Harry Ketler and tillerman Jim Turner. Others were not identified. The hose tower is in view. Note the planked roadway that is Tacoma Avenue South. St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church is next door to the fire station. (Talbot & Decker: 100 Years of Firefighting, Tacoma, Washington, p. 53)

Tacoma Fire Department (Tacoma); Fire stations--Tacoma--1910-1920; Fire engines & equipment--Tacoma--1910-1920; Fire fighters--Tacoma--1910-1920; St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church (Tacoma);

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, Engine #10254. On an official test trip in March of 1920, a brand new Bi-polar engine pauses for some publicity shots. The class EP2 engine was manufactured by Alco-GE. The bi-polars were unique in design because the bi-polar fields for each motor were carried on the truck frame. The huge 265 ton, 3,240 hp bi-polars were designed specifically for passenger service in the Cascades and were an immediate success when put into service in 1920. Their top speed was rated at 70 mph and they could pull 1, 120 tons (14 cars) up a 2% grade at 25 mph. The electric locomotives were also unique in appearance, riding low on 44" drivers, and in sound, their trademark a distinctive high pitched shrill from their air whistles. (Charles and Dorothy Wood "Milwaukee Road West") G44.1-079, TPL-2379

Railroad locomotives--Tacoma; Railroad cars--Tacoma; Railroads--Tacoma; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Co. (Tacoma);

Linco Log & Lumber Co.; Yard engine. The versatility of the steam powered railroad was responsible for early advances in logging. By replacing animals as beasts of burden, they made it possible to harvest timber in the most inaccessible areas. During the 1920's, large scale locomotive operations flourished in the northwest. The system consisted of a main line with spurs, trackage that could be shifted constantly to follow the timber. With the aid of geared engines, such as the Shay locomotive, built from 1884-1945 by the Lima Locomotive Co., they could go into most mountainous areas despite the grade. The logs could then be "yarded," brought from the field into areas for shipment. (Labbe & Goe, Railroads in the Woods) G75.1-074; TPL-818

Linco Log & Lumber Co. (Lindberg); Lumber industry--1920-1930; Lumber camps--1920-1930; Railroad locomotives--1920-1930;

The Ladies Musical Club presented its regular concert on Tuesday afternoon, March 2, 1920, in the drawing room of the Tacoma Hotel. The program featured pianist George Congdon Bailey of Seattle. Mr. Bailey, who is blind, is a student at the University of Washington. Marjorie Miller, also of Seattle, entertained the club with a violin solo. Mr. Bailey may be the man seated in the front row with Miss Miller, holding a large bouquet of flowers, next to him. (TNT 2-28-20, p. 8-article)

Ladies Musical Club (Tacoma);

These plain, but functional, wooden cottages were built for loggers employed by the Linco Log & Lumber Co. The cottages, as seen in March of 1920, were planted in dirt and built tightly side-by-side. Railroad tracks ran directly in front of the houses. These homes are believed to have been located in the Lewis County logging camp owned by Gustaf Lindberg. Linco had an office in Morton and a sawmill in Lindberg, four miles northeast. The company employed 75 men. Gustaf Lindberg, a prominent Scandinavian businessman of Tacoma, had founded the town of Lindberg in 1911 as the company town for Linco. Originally named Coal Canyon, the town was destroyed by fire in 1918 and subsequently rebuilt and renamed for Mr. Lindberg. The town's population remained small and never exceeded 200. Gustaf Lindberg lost ownership of the town and it underwent several name changes. Only ruins of the mill, brick homes and company store remain. G69.1-151 (www.drizzle.com/~jtenlen/walewis/townsal.html)

Dwellings--Lewis County; Linco Log & Lumber Co.; Railroad tracks--Lewis County; Lumber industry--Lewis County; Lumber camps--Lewis County;

This is a view of the Linco Log & Lumber Co. mill as seen in March of 1920. It was located in central Lewis County in the small logging community of Lindberg, just a few miles from Morton. Lindberg (formerly known as Coal Canyon) was founded by Tacoma businessman Gustaf Lindberg as the company town for Linco Log & Lumber. G36.1-081

Linco Log & Lumber Co.; Lumber industry--Lewis County; Lumber camps--Lewis County;

West Fork Logging Co.; Spar Pole. One of the ways to get logs from a remote location to the railroad car was the use of "High Lead" logging. It involved a main cable passed from the engine drum of a "donkey" through a block at the top of a tall spar tree (or pole.) A spar was a 150 to over 200 foot tree with the branches trimmed away and the top lopped off by a "high climber." The cable, powered by the steam donkey, could then be used to pull the logs to the dump. West Fork Logging was located in Mineral in Lewis County and had an office in the Tacoma Building. L.T. Murray was the president and H.E. Post was the secretary. G75.1-091

West Fork Logging Co. (Mineral); Lumber industry--1920-1930;

In March of 1920, a row of stevedores pushing dollies piled with sacks of flour, could be seen heading for the Japan-built freighter "Eastern Knight." A passenger on the ship's gangplank stops to gaze at the picturesque sight. The "Eastern Knight" had docked at the Puget Sound Flouring Mills on Saturday, February 28th, and would be departing for the East Coast when fully loaded with 10,000-tons of flour. The Puget Sound Flouring Mills, at what is now 3 Schuster Parkway, was absorbed by the Sperry Flour Company in 1922. Photograph ordered by the Puget Sound Flouring Mills Co. G34.1-103 (TNT 3-1-20, p. 13-article; TNT 3-4-20, p. 6-article)

Cargo ships--Tacoma--1920-1930; Shipping--Tacoma--1920-1930; Puget Sound Flouring Mills Co. (Tacoma);

In March of 1920, a steam donkey on a sled was photographed for the West Fork Logging Co. The donkey was used for pulling logs in from the woods. In its simplest form, a donkey was just a steam engine with a drum and a steel cable. The winch was used to pull in logs or load them. In this case, the boiler is mounted, along with the drums, on a sled to make the unit portable. The steam donkey replaced the logging horses and oxen with the power of steam. It was faster, cheaper and more reliable than animals. The West Fork Logging Co. was located in Mineral, about 14 miles north of Morton in Lewis County. It was owned and operated by L.T. Murray. G75.1-093; TPL-9856 (Labbe & Goe, Railroads in the Woods)

West Fork Logging Co. (Mineral); Lumber industry--1920-1930; Steam donkeys; Donkey engines;

On March 5, 1920, Dorothy (Mrs. Allen B.) Conrad and small son, Allen B., Jr., were prepared to take a spin in their new Stephens Six, purchased recently from the R.L. Stephens Motor Co. Mrs. Conrad, with fur stole, is seated behind the wheel of the roadster. The little boy is standing on the car's running board next to the open passenger door. Mr. and Mrs. Conrad were proprietors of the Blue Bird Electric Shop and resided at 3112 N. 17th St. (Tacoma Sunday Ledger, 3-21-20, C-4) G11.1-022

Automobiles--Tacoma--1920-1930; Conrad, Dorothy; Conrad, Allen B.; Families--Tacoma--1920-1930;

On March 5, 1920, cameras rolled as the electric powered "Olympian" pulled out from Tacoma and made history. This marked the formal opening of the Cascade division for electrically operated trains driven by 3000-volt current supplied by the glacier streams of the Cascades. Over 100 guests from Tacoma and Seattle (railroad officials, newsmen and politicos) were aboard a special pilot train that preceded the Olympian. The Olympian made its maiden electric powered ascent through the passages of the snow draped Cascades to its summit where the special train was sidetracked so the Olympian could continue on to Chicago. The special train would travel to Cle Elum and back to Tacoma. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul train reached speeds up to 60 mph with barely any effort and without puffs of black smoke. It descended as smoothly as it ascended, proving that cross country electrical trains were viable. G44.1-080 (TDL 3/6/1920, pg. 3; TNT 3-6-20, p. 1) TPL-2376

Railroad cars--Tacoma; Railroad locomotives--Tacoma; Railroad companies--Tacoma; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Co. (Tacoma); Railroads--Tacoma--1920-1930;

Drifted snow flour is being transported onto the steel steamship "Edmore" from the Sperry Flour Co. facility on March 13, 1920. 400 tons of flour would join the previously loaded cargo of copper ingots from the smelter. The "Edmore" was the first of the Oriental liners to call at Tacoma under a new schedule by the Pacific Steamship Co. She had sustained damage to her structure due to heavy seas on her voyage to the Puget Sound region. Sperry Flour had completed a big grain elevator project less than two years before in time for the tremendous trade expansion that would occur. The Tacoma Daily Ledger would report on March 22, 1920, that "Flour (was the) Greatest Tacoma Industry." Three export flouring mills on the waterfront, including Sperry, had their warehouses filled with 200,000 barrels of flour. Three shifts had run both night and day since August of 1919 with combined daily capacity exceeding 10,000 barrels. Flour operations at Sperry (by then a division of General Mills) would cease in 1965. TPL-904 G34.1-127; BU-13919 (TNT 3-12-20, p. 2-article; TDL 3-22-20, p. 7-article)

Cargo ships--Tacoma--1920-1930; Shipping--Tacoma--1920-1930; Sperry Flour Milling Co. (Tacoma); Flour & meal industry--Tacoma--1920-1930;

The usherettes at the Colonial Theater, 916-18 Broadway, wore gingham dresses for the opening on February 28,1920 of the silent version of "Pollyanna" starring Mary Pickford. A slightly different version of this photograph appeared in the March 3rd News Tribune; the girls are believed to be (l to r) Edna Fitzmaurice, Fern Chantler (the theater cashier), Nellie Mason, Rosa Fair, Lillian Buth, Stella Church, and Ruth Harkness. Mary Pickford was 27 when she played the film's 12 year old title character; the picture grossed one million dollars for United Artists, the film company owned by D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and her husband Douglas Fairbanks. The Colonial Theater was designed by Roland Borhek, architect, and opened in 1914. It was demolished in 1988. (TNT 3/3/1920 p.9) TPL-5877, BU-10014, Boland-B2760

Colonial Theater (Tacoma); Motion picture theaters--Tacoma--1920-1930; Ushers--Tacoma--1920-1930; Motion picture industry--1920-1930;

In 1920, McEldowney Garage, owned by Harry E. McEldowney, had locations listed in the City Directory as 731 St. Helens Ave. and 712 Broadway. According to the Tacoma Daily Ledger however, this large pictured garage was located across the Tideflats. An ad for the garage in the same picture gave the address as the East side of the 11th Street Bridge. The garage, according to the article, was second to none in town and had few equals in the Northwest. They were able to perform all facets of automobile restoration and repair under one roof. They could also work on all standard makes of cars and trucks, as well as large trucks and commercial vehicles. The picture shows what is believed to be the painting department of the plant. G32.1-113 (TDL 3/21/1920, pg. C-8) TPL-9551

McEldowney Garage (Tacoma); Vehicle maintenance & repair--Tacoma--1920-1930; Automobile industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Automobile repair--Tacoma--1920-1930;

Three delivery trucks are parked along the side of the South Tacoma "Road" in March of 1920. Two of the three drivers stand near their vehicles while the third remains in the truck. The first truck in line, "No. 2," apparently has its route listed on the exterior of the truck, extending from Hoquiam to Seattle. The trucks may have been sold by the J.F. Hickey Motor Co. of Tacoma. G66.2-136

Trucks--Tacoma--1920-1930;

Around 200 residents of North Puyallup hill and Edgewood gathered at the Edgewood Grange Hall on March 25, 1920 to watch lantern slides and hear Dr. W.S. Beekman lecture on the growth of the berry industry. The hall was lit by electricity for the very first time in order to accomodate Dr. Beekman's slide show. The electricity was supplied by a portable generator loaded into a donated commercial Dodge. Its installation was the brainchild of C.V. Parsons of Puyallup. He and his assistants strung wires from the generator throughout the hall supplying electricity to the structure for the first time. TPL-554, G6.1-030 (TDL 3/28/1920, pg. E-7)

Edgewood Grange (Edgewood); Farmers' groups--Edgewood; Electric generators; Electricity--Edgewood;

The Edgewood Grange was electrified for the first time by a portable generator mounted in a Dodge on March 25, 1920. The Grange had invited Dr. W. S. Beekman to lecture on the berry industry and Dr. Beekman had prepared lantern slides as illustrations. He was dismayed to find on his arrival that the hall had no electricity. C.V. Parsons, left, of Puyallup saved the day by mounting a farm lighting plant in a donated commercial Dodge. He and his assistants strung wiring throughout the hall, illuminated the building for the first time and provided power to the lantern for projecting the slides. This photograph shows Mr. Parsons standing by the generator and his assistant in the window stringing the lights. Boland #B2778 (TDL 3/28/1920, pg. E-7)

Edgewood Grange (Edgewood); Farmers' groups--Edgewood; Parsons, C.V.; Electric generators; Electricity--Edgewood; Dodge automobile;

Maritime Block Bldg., 726 Pacific Ave, as pictured on April 9, 1920. Home of the Johnson-Cox Co. printers and book binders, and publishers of the Tacoma Daily Index, a business newspaper that was the official paper for the City of Tacoma and Pierce County. The Italianate structure was built in 1886 and saw use as the Casino Theater. In 1893 the Tacoma Cycle Club was listed as its occupant. By 1900 the building was known as the "Maritime Building" and had undergone remodeling. The Johnson-Cox Co. opened its doors in 1909 to provide quality printing for the local area. A family-run business for 75 years, it was sold in 1984 to current owners Ken Creech and Gary Faul. BN-217 (johnson-cox.com/html/history-article only)

Johnson-Cox, Inc. (Tacoma); Printing industry--Tacoma; Maritime Building (Tacoma);

Side view of parked St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. No. 1 truck filled with stacks of what may be plywood. This April, 1920, photograph may have been taken at the company's downtown Tacoma yard. As noted through the doorless truck, there was no driver at the wheel. G36.1-160

St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co. (Tacoma); Trucks--1920-1930;

Heavy machinery constructed by the Blewett Tractor Co. of Tacoma and displayed on April 14, 1920, near the Union Station. Equipment is intended for the Couer D'Alene Valley Highway District, Kootenai County, Idaho. Equipment is labelled on chassis "Webfoot." The 1920 City Directory listed Arthur R. Blewett as the president of the company and its location as 21st St. corner of A St. G32.1-105

Blewett Tractor Co. (Tacoma); Tractors--1920-1930; Machinery--1920-1930;

Downtown Tacoma street scene. Not much traffic or people visible at South 11th & A Streets on this spring day in 1920. A streetcar has just made a turn onto A Street from South 11th as it moves past the L. Schoenfeld & Sons store at 105-11 So. 11th. This would be the Schoenfeld furniture store location until 1924 when they would move to the skyscraper at 1423 Pacific Ave. To the left of the photograph is the Federal Building, home of the federal courts (until 1992) and the Main branch of the Post Office. Also on the left is a portion of the towering Puget Sound National Bank building with spire. G57.1-121

Commercial streets--Tacoma--1920-1930; Business districts--Tacoma--1920-1930; Street railroads--Tacoma--1920-1930; L. Schoenfeld & Sons (Tacoma); Federal Building (Tacoma); Puget Sound National Bank (Tacoma);

This is what the South 17th & Broadway & Jefferson area looked like in April of 1920. The 11-year-old Carlton Hotel, with the address of 1552 Jefferson Ave., is in view in the center of the photograph. A juxtaposition of old and new modes of transportation is on the left - a horse-driven cart is next to a modern streetcar. Power lines create geometric designs above. TPL-1363 G59.1-039

Commercial streets--Tacoma--1920-1930; Carlton Hotel (Tacoma); Street railroads--Tacoma--1920-1930;

Fisher Flouring Mills Co. facility. The office staff and delivery drivers of Fisher's posed by their Tideflats plant in April of 1920. The company's vehicles, including a truck piled high with sacks of flour, are arranged in a row. Employees are standing in front of a railroad car. The firm, located according to the 1920 City Directory as on the "West Waterway," was managed by H.B. Clark. Products produced, according to advertising on a large company truck, included poultry feed, calf meal, "morfat" and "morpork," and dairy feed. G34.1-130

Fisher Flouring Mills (Tacoma); Flour & meal industry--Tacoma--1920-1930; Trucks--Tacoma--1920-1930;

The grandstands being rebuilt at the Tacoma Speedway in May of 1920. In March, before the beginning of racing season, a firebug started a blaze that wiped out 3/4 of the grandstands at the Speedway. The fire was ruled an arson and the Speedway had no insurance. The future of the racetrack was in doubt. $100,000 was raised by selling bonds to Tacoma businesses and individuals. The new stands would have a seating capacity of 15,000 and be 1/3 mile long. For the first time, 960 feet of the stands would be covered. Another improvement was a tunnel entrance leading from the parking, in the field inside the track, to the stands. There would be room for 10,000 cars in the field. The main entrance now featured an overhead bridge to drive cars two abreast into the parking area in the center of the field. There were 190 reserved parking places right in front of the pits. Everything would be ready in time for the July 5, 1920 races, when the largest crowd in Tacoma racing history was expected. (TDL 5/23/1920, pg. 9-C-picture; TDL 6/6/1920; www.historylink.org)

Tacoma Speedway (Lakewood); Racetracks--Lakewood--1910-1920; Automobile racing--Lakewood--1910-1920; Grandstands; Construction--Lakewood--1910-1920;

North side of American Lake. This area view was taken by Barnes Aviation Co. in the spring of 1920. The large building on the waters edge at the bottom of the photo is the American Lake Boathouse. Hiding in the trees just above the Boathouse is the American Lake Inn. Both buildings have since been demolished. The boathouse, called Martin's American Lake Boathouse, was destroyed in a supervised burn by the Lakewood Fire Department in June of 1955. The boathouse had been built around the turn of the 20th century and served the community for many years as a recreational center for boating and fishing and as the site for dances and social functions. It gradually deteriorated and plans were made to replace it with a modern structure. The American Lake Inn was also built in the first decade of the 20th century. By May of 1904, the 20-room resort was open for business. It was owned by Mrs. H.I. Nolan. Included was a handsome pavilion for exclusive use of the Inn's guests. (TNT 6-19-1955- article on boathouse burn; TDL 5-29-04, p. 7-article on American Lake Inn)

American Lake (Wash.); Aerial photographs; Aerial views; American Lake Boathouse (Lakewood); American Lake Inn (Lakewood);

Stadium Bowl's stands are packed with students and adults in this circa 1920 photograph. Lines of young boys and girls occupy the field while the school band plays on the outdoor stage. This is believed to be "Stadium Day," held each year in May. The "Castle," the massive turreted brick structure otherwise known as Stadium High School, overlooks the Bowl. G55.1-093

Stadium Bowl (Tacoma); Stadium High School (Tacoma); Celebrations--Tacoma--1920-1930; Crowds--Tacoma--1920-1930;

The largest commercially made tire, size 44 x 10, was on display in front of the Orton Brothers Motor Company in Sumner on May 3, 1920. The all-weather Goodyear tire, which weighed 225 lbs., was mounted on the back of a flat-bed truck. Passersby could instantly see the significant difference between the size of the truck tires and the giant Goodyear model. The man leaning against the truck is probably one of the Orton brothers. William J. and Charles W. Orton were also in the fruit growing business. G32.1-094 (Tacoma Sunday Ledger, 5-9-20, C-9)

Tires; Signs (Notices); Trucks--Sumner;